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        Characterization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from the mitochondria of Helicoverpa armigera, a pest resistant to insecticides

        S. Md. AKBAR,S. K. JAYALAKSHMI,H. C. SHARMA,K. SREERAMULU 한국곤충학회 2011 Entomological Research Vol.41 No.6

        Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DHLDH) was isolated from the mitochondria of Helicoverpa armigera, a destructive pest which has developed resistance to commonly used insecticides. The flavoenzyme was purified 17.98-fold to homogeneity with an overall yield of 10.53% by employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography and CM-Sephadex chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited the specific activity of 18.7 U/mg and was characterized as a dimer with a subunit mass of 66 kDa. The enzyme showed specificity for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide – hydrogen (NADH) and lipoamide, as substrates, with Michaelis-Menten constants (K_m) of 0.083 mmol/L and 0.4 mmol/L, respectively. The reduction reaction of lipoamide by the enzyme could be explained by ping-pong mechanism. The spectra of DHLDH showed the maximum absorbance at 420 nm, 455 nm and 475 nm. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by mercurial and arsenical compounds. The N-terminal sequence of Ha-DHLDH showed homology with those of mammalian and arthropod DHLDH. Since H. armigera has developed high levels of resistance to commonly used insecticides, biochemical properties of the metabolic enzymes such as DHLDH, could be helpful to develop insecticidal molecules for the control of H. armigera, with a different mode of action.

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        Purification and characterization of prophenoloxidase from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

        Hanumanth G. Goudru,Sathish KUMAR,Senigala K. JAYALAKSHMI,Chandish R. BALLAL,Hari C. SHARMA,Kuruba SREERAMULU 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.1

        Phenoloxidases are oxidative enzymes, which play an important role in both cell mediated and humoral immunity. Purification and biochemical characterization of prophenoloxidase from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were carried out to study its biochemical properties. Prophenoloxidase consists of a single polypeptide chain with a relative molecular weight of 85 kDa as determined by SDS–PAGE, MALDI–TOF MS and LC–ESI MS. After the final step, the enzyme showed 71.7 fold of purification with a recovery of 49.2%. Purified prophenoloxidase showed high specific activity and homology with phenoloxidase subunit‐1 of Bombyx mori and the conserved regions of copper binding (B) site of phenoloxidase. Purified prophenoloxidase has pH optima of 6.8 and has high catalytic efficiency towards the dopamine as a substrate in comparison to catechol and L‐Dopa. The PO activity was strongly inhibited by phenylthiourea, thiourea, dithiothreitol and kojic acid.

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