Experimental analysis of treated waste foundry and waste ceramics sand by replacement of fine aggregate in concrete

K.V. Boobala Krishnan,K. Nirmalkumar,V. Sampathkumar,P.C. Murugan 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.4

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, excessive exploitation of natural resources like river sand and gravels is amajor concern. This study investigated the use of waste foundry sand and waste ceramics as partial replacements for M-sandin concrete. M25 grade concrete with a 1:1.1:2.2 ratio and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45 was used. Waste foundry sandunderwent pre-treatment with sodium silicate to improve its applicability. Treated waste foundry sand (TWFCS) and 10%powdered waste ceramics were combined to partially replace M-sand in different proportions (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Mechanical tests, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength assessments, were conducted after 7, 14, and 28 daysof curing. The concrete samples were exposed to a marine and acidic environment for 60 days. TWFCS 3 exhibited the lowestcompressive strength (26.39 N/mm2) after exposure to an alkaline environment, while TWFCS 1 showed the highestcompressive strength (28.63 N/mm2). Treated foundry sand showed superior mechanical properties, surpassing M-sand by15% in terms of compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength. SEM and XRD analysis were used to evaluate the concretecontaining treated waste foundry and ceramics sand.

Analysis of Subthreshold Behavior of FinFET using Taurus

Murugan, Balasubramanian,Saha, Samar K.,Venkat, Rama The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2007 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.7 No.1

This paper investigates the subthreshold behavior of Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET). The FinFET is considered to be an alternate MOSFET structure for the deep sub-micron regime, having excellent device characteristics. As the channel length decreases, the study of subthreshold behavior of the device becomes critically important for successful design and implementation of digital circuits. An accurate analysis of subthreshold behavior of FinFET was done by simulating the device in a 3D process and device simulator, Taurus. The subthreshold behavior of FinFET, was measured using a parameter called S-factor which was obtained from the $In(I_{DS})\;-\;V_{GS}$ characteristics. The value of S-factor of devices of various fin dimensions with channel length $L_g$ in the range of 20 nm - 50 nm and with the fin width $T_{fin}$ in the range of 10 nm - 40 nm was calculated. It was observed that for devices with longer channel lengths, the value of S-factor was close to the ideal value of 60 m V/dec. The S-factor increases exponentially for channel lengths, $L_g\;<\;1.5\;T_{fin}$. Further, for a constant $L_g$, the S factor was observed to increase with $T_{fin}$. An empirical relationship between S, $L_g$ and $T_{fin}$ was developed based on the simulation results, which could be used as a rule of thumb for determining the S-factor of devices.

An Efficient DNA Sequence Compression using Small Sequence Pattern Matching

Murugan., A,Punitha., K International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.8

Bioinformatics is formed with a blend of biology and informatics technologies and it employs the statistical methods and approaches for attending the concerning issues in the domains of nutrition, medical research and towards reviewing the living environment. The ceaseless growth of DNA sequencing technologies has resulted in the production of voluminous genomic data especially the DNA sequences thus calling out for increased storage and bandwidth. As of now, the bioinformatics confronts the major hurdle of management, interpretation and accurately preserving of this hefty information. Compression tends to be a beacon of hope towards resolving the aforementioned issues. Keeping the storage efficiently, a methodology has been recommended which for attending the same. In addition, there is introduction of a competent algorithm that aids in exact matching of small pattern. The DNA representation sequence is then implemented subsequently for determining 2 bases to 6 bases matching with the remaining input sequence. This process involves transforming of DNA sequence into an ASCII symbols in the first level and compress by using LZ77 compression method in the second level and after that form the grid variables with size 3 to hold the 100 characters. In the third level of compression, the compressed output is in the grid variables. Hence, the proposed algorithm S_Pattern DNA gives an average better compression ratio of 93% when compared to the existing compression algorithms for the datasets from the UCI repository.

A Pattern Matching Extended Compression Algorithm for DNA Sequences

Murugan., A,Punitha., K International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.8

DNA sequencing provides fundamental data in genomics, bioinformatics, biology and many other research areas. With the emergent evolution in DNA sequencing technology, a massive amount of genomic data is produced every day, mainly DNA sequences, craving for more storage and bandwidth. Unfortunately, managing, analyzing and specifically storing these large amounts of data become a major scientific challenge for bioinformatics. Those large volumes of data also require a fast transmission, effective storage, superior functionality and provision of quick access to any record. Data storage costs have a considerable proportion of total cost in the formation and analysis of DNA sequences. In particular, there is a need of highly control of disk storage capacity of DNA sequences but the standard compression techniques unsuccessful to compress these sequences. Several specialized techniques were introduced for this purpose. Therefore, to overcome all these above challenges, lossless compression techniques have become necessary. In this paper, it is described a new DNA compression mechanism of pattern matching extended Compression algorithm that read the input sequence as segments and find the matching pattern and store it in a permanent or temporary table based on number of bases. The remaining unmatched sequence is been converted into the binary form and then it is been grouped into binary bits i.e. of seven bits and gain these bits are been converted into an ASCII form. Finally, the proposed algorithm dynamically calculates the compression ratio. Thus the results show that pattern matching extended Compression algorithm outperforms cutting-edge compressors and proves its efficiency in terms of compression ratio regardless of the file size of the data.

An IoT based Green Home Architecture for Green Score Calculation towards Smart Sustainable Cities

( K. Manikanda Kumaran ),( M. Chinnadurai ),( S. Manikandan ),( S. Palani Murugan ),( E. Elakiya ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.7

In the recent modernized world, utilization of natural resources (renewable & non-renewable) is increasing drastically due to the sophisticated life style of the people. The over-consumption of non-renewable resources causes pollution which leads to global warming. Consequently, government agencies have been taking several initiatives to control the over-consumption of non-renewable natural resources and encourage the production of renewable energy resources. In this regard, we introduce an IoT powered integrated framework called as green home architecture (GHA) for green score calculation based on the usage of natural resources for household purpose. Green score is a credit point (i.e.,10 pts) of a family which can be calculated once in a month based on the utilization of energy, production of renewable energy and pollution caused. The green score can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy, generation of renewable energy and preventing the pollution. The main objective of GHA is to monitor the day-to-day usage of resources and calculate the green score using the proposed green score algorithm. This algorithm gives positive credits for economic consumption of resources and production of renewable energy and also it gives negative credits for pollution caused. Here, we recommend a green score based tax calculation system which gives tax exemption based on the green score value. This direct beneficiary model will appreciate and encourage the citizens to consume fewer natural resources and prevent pollution. Rather than simply giving subsidy, this proposed system allows monitoring the subsidy scheme periodically and encourages the proper working system with tax exemption rewards. Also, our GHA will be used to monitor all the household appliances, vehicles, wind mills, electricity meter, water re-treatment plant, pollution level to read the consumption/production in appropriate units by using the suitable sensors. These values will be stored in mass storage platform like cloud for the calculation of green score and also employed for billing purpose by the government agencies. This integrated platform can replace the manual billing and directly benefits the government.

Unleashing the resilience of Reinforced Concrete Member retrofitted with composite laminates

K.S. Navaneethan,S. Anandakumar,S. Manoj,P.C. Murugan 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.5

This work presents experimental results on the performance of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) laminates used inthe flexural retrofitting of full-scale reinforced concrete beams. The effects of variables including reinforcement placement,retrofitting orientation, and AFRP lifespan are examined. The experimental findings provide compelling evidence thatstructurally damaged beams can be retrofitted with AFRP composite material to restore their strength and stiffness. In mostcases, the retrofitted beams perform as well as, if not better than, the control beams. The efficiency of the AFRP strengtheningmethod in flexure, however, was found to vary with beam length. The examinations revealed that plate debonding was theleading cause of the failures observed. In order to overcome this difficulty, it is crucial to enhance the bonding processesbetween the AFRP laminates and the concrete substrate.

Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate upon Coralline Hydroxyapatite in Conjugation with Demineralized Bone Matrix Using Redox Initiating System

Murugan, R.,Rao, K.Panduranga The Polymer Society of Korea 2003 Macromolecular Research Vol.11 No.1

Grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) upon coralline hydroxyapatite in conjugation with demineralized bone matrix (CHA-DBM) using equal molar ratio of potassium persulfate/sodium metabisulfite redox initiating system was investigated in aqueous medium. The optimum reaction condition was standardized by varying the concentrations of backbone, monomer, initiator, temperature and time. The results obtained imply that the percent grafting was found to increase initially and then decrease in most of the cases. The optimum temperature and time were found to be 50 $^{\circ}C$ and 180 min, respectively, to obtain higher grafting yield. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method were employed for the proof of grafting. The FT-IR spectrum of grafted CHA-DBM showed epoxy groups at 905 and 853 $cm^{-1}$ / and ester carbonyl group at 1731 $cm^{-1}$ / of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) in addition to the characteristic absorptions of CHA-DBM, which provides evidence of the grafting. The XRD results clearly indicated that the crystallographic structure of the grafted CHA-DBM has not changed due to the grafting reaction. Further, no phase transformation was detected by the XRD analysis, which suggests that the PGMA is grafted only on the surface of CHA-DBM backbone. The grafted CHA-DBM will have better functionality because of their surface modification and hence they may be more useful in coupling of therapeutic agents through epoxy groups apart from being used as osteogenic material.

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION FOR SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY

M.Murugan,Dr.K.Thanushkodi 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper presents a novel approach in order to meet these objectives which are based on the reduction of the power conversion stages. Normally power factor correction circuit have reverse recovery current problem. In this paper describes eliminate<br/> reverse recovery current by using Sic Schottky diode, and to provide the gate signal by ML4821 controller. Measurements of overall efficiency, switch and diode losses and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) are performed both with the SiC diode. And finally this paper got power factor will become near to unity. This scheme has the desirable features of high efficiency,<br/> simple circuit and low cost compared to traditional switch mode power supply with power factor correction.

Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate upon Coralline Hydroxyapatite in Conjugation with Demineralized Bone Matrix Using Redox Initiating System

R. Murugan,K. Panduranga Rao 한국고분자학회 2003 Macromolecular Research Vol.11 No.1

Nature of lnsect Pest Diversity in Plantation ForestAnaikatty, Westem Ghats, South India

S.Sivaramakrishnan,K. Murugan 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05