Three Hybrid Japanese Joyceans: Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Sei Ito and Haruki Murakami

( Eishiro Ito ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.2

In Japan, many novelists, especially naturalistic writers, have struggled to show their originality and have written novels dealing with the author`s private life or using autobiographical details since the early twentieth century. In Japan, since the introduction of Joyce by Yonejiro Noguchi in 1918, many ambitious novelists, including the first Korean modernist writer Taewon Park, were influenced by Joyce`s innovative narrative technique, styles and methods of Modernism while they also learned how to write fictions with the autobiographical elements from him. Akutagawa left a memorandum in which he confessed how he was shocked with Joyce`s narrative method used in the first chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Ito began to struggle to translate the whole text of Ulysses into Japanese soon after reading it. Probably their reactions to Joyce`s works were not unusual for Japanese novelists at that time. Haruki Murakami is different from the two precursors in that reading Japanese translations of foreign novels affected his style in Japanese. Japanese Joycean writers have learned or borrowed some literary techniques from Marcel Proust and Joyce; especially, the interior monologue and the stream-of- consciousness. However, none of the three Japanese writers seem to have succeeded to use those techniques. It is noted that both Akutagawa and Ito were influenced by Irish literature, characteristically first by Yeats` poetry and then by Joyce`s novels. Both learned Romantic poetry and then transitioned to write fictions starting autobiographical novels like Joyce. Although Murakami has a more complicated literary background than these two writers, he is also influenced by Proust and nineteenth-century European writers as well as American hard-boiled writers. For these three hybrid Japanese writers, James Joyce is a very provocative writer. They enthusiastically learned Western literature and tried to compound the elements of traditional Japanese literature and Western literature to create their hybrid literature.

일본어교육 교과서의 접속조사 “ト”의 조건표현 -만화, 평론, 일본어교육 교과서 용례 비교로부터-

이토사치코 ( Ito Sachiko ) 한국일본어교육학회 2016 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.75

This study is based on two preceding studies on the usage of conjunctive particle “TO” in spoken language (Ito, 2007) and in written language (Ito, 2006), and aimed to verify the validity of example sentences in Japanese language education textbooks (“The Textbooks”), focusing on example sentences of the usage of “TO”. By comparing the characteristics of “TO” which are newly extracted from The Textbooks and that of “TO” in these preceding studies. The study was conducted by extracting example sentences of “TO” from various publications: 732 examples from comic books, 609 from critic essays, and 403 from The Textbooks (“Three Materials”). Extracted examples were classified into 36 classifications and observed. As a result of this study, three common characteristics of “TO” were observed in all Three Materials (comic books, critic essays, and The Textbooks). Firstly, there is a cause-and-result relationship between the clauses before and after “TO”. Secondly, most of the example sentences from Three Materials end with present tense. Thirdly, when an example sentence ends with present tense, in most of the case the example sentence shows “general conditions” (Suzuki, 1986), in another words, the sentence described a general nature which does not change by repetition. This results verified the validity of the example sentences in The Textbook, in terms of the basic characteristics of “TO”. This study also pointed out that more of example sentences of the usage of “TO” in the current Japanese language education textbooks are in the form of written language, rather than spoken language.

Local Bifurcation and Instability Theory Applied to Formability Analysis

B.D. Buco,M.C. Oliveira,J.L. Alves,L.F. Menezes,K. Ito,N. Mori 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

Sheet metal forming components are typically studied with the aid of finite element method based virtual tryout tools, since they allow to save money, time and effort in the design, production and process set-up of deep drawn parts. In all these development phases the analysis of defects is performed with the aid of the material forming limit diagram (FLD), since it allows defining a safe region that reduces: (i) necking; (ii) wrinkling and (iii) large deformation occurrence. It is known that the FLD represented in the strain space presents some disadvantages. The local bifurcation criterion proposed by Ito and Goya defines the critical state for a local bifurcation to set in, as a function of the stress level to work-hardening rate ratio. Thus, the main advantage is that the FLD represented in the stress plane is completely objective [1]. In this work the Ito and Goya model is used to evaluate formability, as well fracture mode and direction along different strain paths: (i) uniaxial tension; (ii) equibiaxial stretch; and (iii) plane-strain. All numerical simulations are performed with the in-house code DD3IMP [2, 3] and NXT [4] in which the Ito and Goya model is implemented, is applied to analyze the results.

Timing Performance Study of New Fast PMTs With LYSO for Time-of-Flight PET

Ito, M.,Jin Pyo Lee,Jae Sung Lee IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.60 No.1

<P>Most efforts at developing time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) instruments have focused on improving their time resolution, which is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two new fast photomultiplier tubes (PMT) (Hamamatsu R9800 and R11194) for use as a TOF-PET detector, and to investigate the correlation of time resolution with time discrimination methods, the properties of the PMTs, the locations of the scintillation crystal on the PMT, and the size of the scintillation crystal. The PMTs evaluated in this study have fast rise time and short time jitter. The performance evaluation of the PMTs was conducted using a LYSO scintillation crystal. A <SUP>22</SUP>Na source was placed between the testing detector and a reference detector (with a time resolution of 200 ps), and data were acquired by using the coincidence trigger of the two detectors. To determine the optimal time discrimination method, time resolutions were obtained using a leading-edge discriminator (LED) with various thresholds and a constant-fraction discriminator (CFD) with various CFD delays. The effects on time resolution of PMT properties, the crystal position on the PMT, and the size of the crystal were observed. Based on the comparison of time resolutions obtained by various time discrimination setups, the optimal setup was determined to be CFD with 1.0 ns CFD delay. When these PMTs were coupled with 4 mm × 4 mm ×10 mm LYSO crystal and CFD with 1.0 ns delay was used for time discrimination, the average time resolution (FWHM) for 7 R9800 was 200.5 ps and for 7 R11194 was 227.8 ps. The average energy resolutions were 11.1% and 11.8%, respectively. Time resolutions at the edge of the PMT were degraded due to light collection loss and worse transit time jitter. Time resolutions were inversely proportional to the square root of the numbers of photoelectrons per pulse. The numbers of photoelectrons increased proportionately with the blue sensitivity of individual PMTs. Time resolutions have a distinct dependence as a function of the length and cross-section of the crystal. The new fast PMT coupled with LYSO crystals allow for the improvement of timing performance in TOF-PET detectors. The results of this study will be of value as a guideline for optimizing the TOF-PET detector design using the fast PMTs.</P>

Sensitivity Analysis Related to Redundancy of Regular and Irregular Framed Structures after Member Disappearance

Ito, Takumi,Takemura, Toshinobu Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2014 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.3 No.4

Recently, there have been some reported examples of structural collapse due to gravity, subsequent to damage from accident or an excitation that was not prepared for in the design process. A close view of new concepts, such as a redundancy and key elements, has been taken with the aim of ensuring the robustness of a structure, even in the event of an unexpected disturbance. The author previously proposed a sensitivity index of the vertical load carrying capacity to member disappearance for framed structures. The index is defined as the ratio of the load carrying capacity after a member or a set of an adjacent member disappears, to the original load carrying capacity. The member with the highest index may be regarded as a key element. The concept of bio-mimicry is being applied to various fields of engineering, and tree-shaped structures are sometimes used for the design of building structures. In this study a sensitivity analysis is applied to the irregular-framed structures such as tree-shaped structures.

The smile curve: Evolving sources of value added in manufacturing

( Ito Tadashi ),( Richard E Baldwin ),( Hitoshi Sato ) 한국국제경제학회 2015 한국국제경제학회 동계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

The geographical fragmentation of production processes is accompanied by the displacement of value added from high-technology-high-wage nations to low-technology-Iow-wage nations. However, developing nations are worried that they are getting the wrong sorts of jobs. This concern is often organised around an intellectual concept, the so-called ``smile curve``, which asserts that the share of value added in manufactured products is shifting from the fabrication stages to preand post-fabrication services. The general assertion held among developing nation policy makers is that this distribution is moving against fabrication stages, and thus they are getting the ``bad`` jobs, i.e. jobs associated with low value added per worker, while the ``good`` jobs stay in the North. The goal of this paper is to shed light on how important the smile-curve notion is at economy level, in order to obtain some answers to the above-mentioned economy-wide policy issues/concerns. Using JETRO-IDE``s Asian Input-Output table, we find evidence of the ``smile curve``. Namely, for almost all exporting sectors/nations the value-added input share has drastically shifted from manufacturing to service inputs. We also find that the share of service input coming from rich nations and China has risen substantially in the exports of the developing countries, a supportive evidence for the developing countries`` concern.

Blazed $GxL^{TM}$ Device for Laser Dream Theatre at the Aichi Expo 2005

Ito, Yasuyuki,Saruta, Kunihiko,Kasai, Hiroto,Nshida, Masato,Yamaguchi, Masanari,Yamashita, Keitaro,Taguchi, Ayumu,Oniki, Kazunao,Tamada, Hitoshi The Korean Infomation Display Society 2007 Journal of information display Vol.8 No.2

A blazed $GxL^{TM}$ device is described as having high optical efficiency (> 70% for RGB lasers), and high contrast ratio (> 10,000:1), and that is highly reliable when used in a large-area laser projection system. It has a robust design and precise stress control technology to maintain a uniform shape (bow and tilt) of more than 6,000 ribbons, a $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS compatible fabrication processing and planarization techniques to reduce fluctuation of the ribbons, and a reliable Al-Cu reflective film that provided protection against a high-power laser. No degradation in characteristics of the GxL device is observed after operating a 5,000- lumen projector for 2,000 hours and conducting 2,000 temperature cycling tests at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $+80^{\circ}C$. At the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan the world's largest laser projection screen with a size of 2005 inches (10 m ${\times}$ 50 m) and 6 million pixels (1,080 ${\times}$ 5,760) was demonstrated.

Influences of Channel Size and Operating Conditions on Fluid Behavior in a MHD Micro Pump for Micro Total Analysis System

Ito, Kosuke,Takahashi, Toru,Fujino, Takayasu,Ishikawa, Motoo The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.4 No.3

The present paper discusses experimental and numerical studies on the fluid behavior in a magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) micro pump for micro total analysis system(${\mu}$-TAS). In the experiment, the MHD micro pump has a length of 26.0 mm, a width and a height of 0.5 mm. As a working fluid, Phosphate Buffered Saline(PBS) solution is used under the assumption of blood analysis using ${\mu}$-TAS. A neodymium permanent magnet with the maximum magnetic flux density of 0.32 T is used for applying a magnetic field to a channel in the MHD pump. Experimental and numerical results show that Hartmann flow is not observed in the channel because the MHD interaction is very weak, so that Poiseuille flow is maintained in the channel. The numerical study also examines the influences of the channel height and the strength of externally applied magnetic flux density on the fluid temperature in the channel. The numerical results indicate that an increase in fluid temperature by operating the MHD pump is less than 1 K when the magnetic flux density and the channel height are more than 0.3 T and 0.3 mm, respectively.

Method Controlling Two or More Sets of PMSM by One Inverter on a Railway Vehicle

Ito, Takuma,Inaba, Hiromi,Kishine, Keiji,Nakai, Mitsuki,Ishikura, Keisuke Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2014 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.3 No.2

If two or more Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) can be controlled by one inverter, a train can be driven by less energy than the present Induction Motor (IM) drive system. First, this paper proposes a method for simulating the movement of wheels and a vehicle to develop a control method. Next, a method is presented for controlling two or more PMSMs by one inverter.

Method of Controlling Four Sets of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by One Inverter on a Railway Vehicle

Ito, Takuma,Inaba, Hiromi,Kishine, Keiji,Nakai, Mitsuki,Ishikura, Keisuke Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2014 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.3 No.4

If it were possible to control four sets of PMSMs in place of induction motors by using one inverter, we could attain efficient driving trains. In this paper, a method for controlling three sets of PMSMs with one inverter is shown. Additionally, this shows the method to control four sets of PMSMs with one inverter and the results of a simulation with the proposed method.