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Estimation of Quantity of Cl-from Deicing Salts on Weathering Steel Used for Bridges
Masamichi Takebe,Makoto Ohya,Shota Ajiki,Takashi Furukawa,Ryo Adachi,Rumiko Gan-ei,Naoki Kitagawa,Junya Ota,Yasuhiko Matsuzaki,Toshihiko Aso 한국강구조학회 2008 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.8 No.2
To estimate the contribution of Cl from deicing salt (CaCl2) on weathering steel on a bridge in southwestern Japan, therelationship among the quanties of Cl, SO42 and Ca2+ on girders is examined. The composition of the ions on girder showsseasonal variation, and the Ca2+ and Cl on the western second girder are enriched with a ratio coresponding to CaCl2 in winter,suggesting that CaCl2 2 is more 50 % of totalchlorine ion and the corosion is more enhanced on the second girder.
Hideto Ueki,Takuto Hara,Yasuyoshi Okamura,Yukari Bando,Tomoaki Terakawa,Junya Furukawa,Kenichi Harada,Yuzo Nakano,Masato Fujisawa 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.4
Purpose: Two methods are used to identify sarcopenia by calculating skeletal muscle area on computed tomography: the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and the psoas muscle index (PMI). Programmed death (PD)-1 inhibitors are helpful in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, there remains insufficient information regarding a clear and easy-to-use biomarker for predicting the response to PD-1 inhibitors in patients with mRCC. Therefore, we investigated the influence of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in patients with mRCC undergoing treatment with nivolumab. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated 96 patients with RCC who received nivolumab. The SMI and PMI were calculated for each patient and normalized for stature by use of the following formulas: SMI (cm2/m2)=([skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the level of L3]/[height]2) and PMI (cm2/m2) = ([left-right sum of the psoas muscle areas at the level of L3]/[height]2). The relationship of the clinical variables with progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: According to the SMI-based definition of sarcopenia, 74.0% of patients had sarcopenia. However, according to the PMI-based definition of sarcopenia, only 34.3% of patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Multivariate analysis identified sarcopenia based on PMI (hazard ratio [HR], 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04–7.26; p<0.001) and International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium poor risk status (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.03–3.50; p=0.041) as significant and independent prognostic factors of OS. Conclusions: PMI-based sarcopenia is a significant prognostic factor for OS in patients with RCC who receive nivolumab therapy.