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      • Writing Chinese in Tibetan: On the Alternatives for an Wutun Orthography

        Juha A. Janhunen 훈민정음학회 2009 Scripta Vol.0 No.1

        Wutun is a distinct local form of Northwest Mandarin spoken in a restricted locality in rural Qinghai Province, P.R. China. Although genetically a Sinitic language, Wutun has developed under strong structural influence of Amdo Tibetan, which is the second language of virtually all Wutun speakers. Wutun remains an unwritten language, but for practical and linguistic purposes there is a growing need to record Wutun language material in writing. For this aim, adaptations of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as well as the Chinese Pinyin system have been applied, but due to the Tibetanization of the Wutun sound system the Tibetan script also remains an alternative. There is evidence suggesting that educated Wutun speakers can, even without much previous practice, write down their language using the Amdo Tibetan conventions of writing and reading Tibetan. The present paper will discuss the prospects of this option.

      • Khitan: Understanding the Language Behind the Scripts

        Juha A. Janhunen 훈민정음학회 2012 Scripta Vol.0 No.4

        Khitan was the dynastic language of the Liao empire in Manchuria and Northern China (907-1115). Although today extinct, samples of Khitan are preserved in two native scripts, known as the Khitan Large Script and the Khitan Small Script. Both scripts may be classified as “Sinitic” or “Sinoform” in the typological sense, though only the Large Script has a direct connection with the Chinese script. Recent progress in the decipherment of, in particular, the Khitan Small Script allows the lexicon and grammar of the Khitan language to be assessed in much more detail than before. Khitan may be defined as a Para-Mongolic language, meaning that it represents a branch related to, but collateral with, the extant and historically known Mongolic languages. The present paper examines the genetic position of the Khitan language with regard to Mongolic with the help of the methods of comparative linguistics, as applied to the deciphered Khitan language material.

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