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Way, Heather M.,Birch, Robert G.,Manners, John M. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.4
This study tested the relative and combined efficacy of ShPx2 and ShPAL transgenes by comparing Nicotiana tabacum hybrids with enhanced levels of $_L$-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and cationic peroxidase (Prx) activity with transgenic parental lines that overexpress either transgene. The PAL/Prx hybrids expressed both transgenes driven by the 35S CaMV promoter, and leaf PAL and Prx enzyme activities were similar to those of the relevant transgenic parent and seven- to tenfold higher than nontransgenic controls. Lignin levels in the PAL/Prx hybrids were higher than the PAL parent and nontransgenic controls, but not significantly higher than the Prx parent. All transgenic plants showed increased resistance to the necrotrophs Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae and Cercospora nicotianae compared to nontransgenic controls, with a preponderance of smaller lesion categories produced in Prx-expressing lines. However, the PAL/Prx hybrids showed no significant increase in resistance to either pathogen relative to the Prx parental line. These data indicate that, in tobacco, the PAL and Prx transgenes do not act additively in disease resistance. Stacking with Prx did not prevent a visible growth inhibition from PAL overexpression. Practical use of ShPAL will likely require more sophisticated developmental control, and we conclude that ShPx2 is a preferred candidate for development as a resistance transgene.
Sue-Siang Teh,Brian E. Niven,Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit,Alan Carne,John Birch 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.5
Use of microwave and pulsed electric field (PEF) technologies for optimization of polyphenol extraction from defatted flax seed cake was attempted using a Box-Behnken response surface design. Polyphenols were extracted after microwave or PEF treatments using ultrasound under fixed variables of 200 W of ultrasonic power, a 70℃ water bath, and 20 min of extraction time. Measured responses were total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power activities. Maximum yields of all responses were achieved under optimum conditions for microwave processing=5 min, a liquid to solid ratio=6, and at 644 W, and for PEF-assisted extraction for 30 V at 30 Hz with a 10% ethanol concentration, and a treatment time=10 s. Under optimized microwave or PEF processing conditions, yields of polyphenols from defatted seed cake were maximized.