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Kim, Guan-Woo,Kang, Gyeongho,Kim, Jinseck,Lee, Gang-Young,Kim, Hong Il,Pyeon, Limok,Lee, Jaechol,Park, Taiho The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.9 No.7
<P>We report a dopant-free polymeric hole transport material (HTM) that is based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5:b']-dithiophene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, which results in highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (similar to 17.3% for over 1400 h at 75% humidity). The HTM comprises a random copolymer (RCP), which is characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, space-charge-limited current, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The RCP-based perovskite solar cell exhibits the highest efficiency (17.3%) in the absence of dopants [lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and tert-butylpyridine]. The observed efficiency is attributed to a deep HOMO energy level and high hole mobility. In addition, the long-term stability of the device is dramatically improved by avoiding deliquescent or hygroscopic dopants and by introducing a hydrophobic polymer layer. RCP devices maintain their initial efficiency for over 1400 h at 75% humidity, whereas devices made of HTMs with additives fail after 900 h.</P>
Kim, Jinseck,Song, In Young,Park, Taiho Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical communications Vol.47 No.16
<P>The diblock copolymer, BP26, assembled into polymeric vesicles with double layers that formed a hydrophobic crystalline interior and a hydrophilic amorphous exterior in methanol, a selective solvent for the PEGT block. The vesicles were demonstrated to encapsulate a hydrophobic guest polyfluorene (PF).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Polymeric vesicles with a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior were formed by a thiophene-based all-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cc10700c'> </P>
Kim, Jinseck,Kim, Sun Hee,Jung, In Hwan,Jeong, Eunjae,Xia, Yangjun,Cho, Shinuk,Hwang, In-Wook,Lee, Kwanghee,Suh, Hongsuk,Shim, Hong-Ku,Woo, Han Young Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.8
<P>Two types of indenofluorene-based low bandgap conjugated polymers, poly(6,6′,12,12′-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene-co-4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (<B>PIF-DBT</B>) and poly(6,6′,12,12′-tetraoctylindeno[1,2-b]fluorene-co-5,7-dithien-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) (<B>PIF-DTP</B>), were synthesized and characterized for use in plastic solar cells. The optical, electrochemical, charge carrier mobility, morphological and photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. The number-average molecular weights of the polymers measured by gel permeation chromatography ranged from 19 000 to 27 000 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. The polymers were fairly soluble in common organic solvents and formed optical-quality films by spin casting. Photophysical studies revealed a low bandgap of ∼1.9 eV for <B>PIF-DBT</B> and ∼1.6 eV for <B>PIF-DTP</B>, respectively, which could harvest the broad solar spectrum covering from 300 nm to 650 nm (<B>PIF-DBT</B>), and from 300 nm to 800 nm (<B>PIF-DTP</B>) in film. An electrochemical study confirmed the desirable HOMO/LUMO levels of the copolymers, which enable efficient electron transfer and a high open circuit voltage when blending them with fullerene derivatives. The field effect mobility measurements showed a hole mobility of 10<SUP>−5</SUP>∼10<SUP>−3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for the copolymers. The film surface morphology was also studied by atomic force microscopy. Among the polyindenofluorene copolymers, <B>PIF-DBT50</B> (containing 50 mol% DBT) showed the best photovoltaic performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.77 V, a short circuit current of 5.50 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and a power conversion efficiency of 1.70% when the polymers were blended with PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM, under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) illumination conditions.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The indenofluorene-based copolymers were synthesized and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b919033c'> </P>
Jung, In Hwan,Yu, Jinyoung,Jeong, Eunjae,Kim, Jinseck,Kwon, Sooncheol,Kong, Hoyoul,Lee, Kwanghee,Woo, Han Young,Shim, Hong-Ku WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Chemistry Vol.16 No.12
<P>We have synthesized four types of cyclopentadithiophene (CDT)-based low-bandgap copolymers, poly[{4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}-alt-(2,2′-bithiazole-5,5′-diyl)] (PehCDT-BT), poly[(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,2′-bithiazole-5,5′-diyl)] (PocCDT-BT), poly[{4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5′-diyl}] (PehCDT-TZ), and poly[(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-{2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-5,5′-diyl}] (PocCDT-TZ), for use in photovoltaic applications. The intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between the electron-sufficient CDT unit and electron-deficient bithiazole (BT) or thiazolothiazole (TZ) units in the polymeric backbone induced a low bandgap and broad absorption that covered 300 nm to 700–800 nm. The optical bandgap was measured to be around 1.9 eV for PehCDT-BT and PocCDT-BT, and around 1.8 eV for PehCDT-TZ and PocCDT-TZ. Gel permeation chromatography showed that number-average molecular weights ranged from 8000 to 14 000 g mol<SUP>−1</SUP>. Field-effect mobility measurements showed hole mobility of 10<SUP>−6</SUP>–10<SUP>−4</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for the copolymers. The film morphology of the bulk heterojunction mixtures with [6,6]phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was also examined by atomic force microscopy before and after heat treatment. When the polymers were blended with PCBM, PehCDT-TZ exhibited the best performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.69 V, short-circuit current of 7.14 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, and power conversion efficiency of 2.23 % under air mass (AM) 1.5 global (1.5 G) illumination conditions (100 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>).</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Mind the bandgap: Four types of cyclopentadithiophene (CDT)-based low-bandgap copolymers with two thiazole derivatives based on thiazolothiazole (TZ) and bithiazole (BT) structures have been synthesized (see picture for examples). The internal charge-transfer interaction between the electron-sufficient CDT unit and electron-deficient TZ or BT units in the polymeric backbone induces a low bandgap. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09476539-2010-16-12-CHEM200903064-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09476539-2010-16-12-CHEM200903064-content'> </P>