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        Indirect Adaptive Robust Control Design for Course Tracking of Ships Subject to Unknown Control Coefficient and Disturbances

        Jinbo Wu,Chenghao Zeng,Yifei Hu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.6

        For course control of ships with unknown control coefficient and model parameters, an indirect adaptive robust controller, in which the parameter estimation law and the control law are designed separately, is proposed. This design method can achieve not only excellent course control performance but also accurate parameter estimates for secondary purposes such as assisting in ship maneuvering decision. Firstly, a Nussbaum function is combined with the adaptive dynamic surface control method to design a strong robust controller which can ensure the stabilityof the closed-loop ship course control system in spite of parameter uncertainties, unknown control coefficient and disturbances. Secondly, the nonlinear model for ship steering is converted into linear form by using the X-swapping technique. And a modified least-squares identification algorithm is then proposed to estimate the unknown model parameters. The global uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals of the resulting closed-loop system is guaranteed via Lyapunov stability theory. Lastly, simulation results are executed to demonstrate the effectiveness of theproposed design method.

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        Spatial protein expression of Panax ginseng by in-depth proteomic analysis for ginsenoside biosynthesis and transportation

        Xiaoying Li,Xianhui Cheng,Baosheng Liao,Jiang Xu,Xu Han,Jinbo Zhang,Zhiwei Lin,Lianghai Hu 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

        Background: Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods: We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion: The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.

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