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Yansi Foong(Yansi Foong ),Shelby Browning(Shelby Browning ),Jeffrey Seay(Jeffrey Seay ) 적정기술학회 2022 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.8 No.3
Combating the environmental crisis caused by mismanaged plastic waste is a global challenge, especially in developing regions due to a lack of recycling availability and waste management infrastructure. One way communities can combat this challenge is by using the process of slow pyrolysis to convert plastic waste into liquid cooking fuel. Using this fuel in cookstoves can help combat the public health issue caused by breathing in smoke from a cooking fire. Open fire cooking remains a common means of cooking in the developing world, and long-term exposure to smoke can lead to chronic lung and eye health problems. The burden of these health problems falls disproportionately on women. Our hypothesis is that switching from wood fire cooking to using stoves fueled by liquid fuel produced from waste plastic will have a positive impact on indoor air pollution, including particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. To test this hypothesis, a series of experiments to measure particulate emissions, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were conducted. Cookstoves similar to those used in households in developing countries were used when conducting experiments. The results of these experiments indicated that polyfuel produces less particulate than fire wood, with an average PM2.5 of 7.7 μg/ m3 compared with fire wood which had a PM2.5 of 325.6 μg/m3. Polyfuel also produces no sulfur dioxide emissions. Kerosene, which is a traditional cooking fuel in much of the world, produced sulfur dioxide emissions of 5.2 ppm under the experimental conditions. If implemented globally, the results of this research suggest that converting plastic waste into cooking fuel can not only reduce the amount of plastic waste entering the ecosystem but can also combat the global public health problems caused by open fire cooking.
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Optimizing slow pyrolysis of banana peels wastes using response surface methodology
Godfrey Omulo,Noble Banadda,Isa Kabenge,Jeffrey Seay 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.2
Renewable energy from biomass and biodegradable wastes can significantly supplement the global energy demand if properly harnessed. Pyrolysis is the most profound modern technique that has proved effective and efficient in the energy conversion of biomass to yield various products like bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. This study focuses on optimization of slow pyrolysis of banana peels waste to yield banana peels vinegar, tar and biochar as bio-infrastructure products. Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions for the banana wastes using a batch reactor pyrolysis system. Three factors namely heating temperature (350-550℃), sample mass (200-800 g) and residence time (45-90 min) were varied with a total of 20 individual experiments. The optimal conditions for wood vinegar yield (48.01%) were 362.6℃, 989.9 g and 104.2 min for peels and biochar yield (30.10%) were 585.9℃, 989.9 g and 104.2 min. The slow pyrolysis showed significant energy conversion efficiencies of about 90% at p-value ≤ 0.05. These research findings are of primary importance to Uganda considering the abundant banana wastes amounting to 17.5 million tonnes generated annually, thus using them as pyrolysis feedstock can boost the country’s energy status.
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Sohail Rasool Lone,Vimal Kumar,Jeffrey R. Seay,Derek L. Englert,Hyun Tae Hwang 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5
With the rapid growth of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, stirred tank bioreactors have received much attention due to simple design, easy control of operating conditions, and low operating cost. In the development of commercial processes, however, a transition from laboratory to industrial scale faces great challenges because many properties related to size change nonlinearly as a system increases. In this context, along with an understanding of fluid dynamics, application of an efficient method for scale-up is critical for designing successful industrial process. Particularly in cell cultivation processes, it is important to evaluate the oxygen transfer and viscous properties of liquid medium. In the present study, the effect of various key operating variables such as agitation rate and aeration rate, impeller diameter, and bioreactor working volume for different impellers on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) have been investigated in a stirred tank bioreactor for cultivating Escherichia coli BL21. It was found that the kLa tends to increase with the operating variables except the bioreactor working volume. Among the tested impellers, the pitched blade was observed to be most promising because of relatively higher kLa but less shear force owing to its low power number. It was also found that the liquid medium with E. coli behaves as a Newtonian liquid. Compared to conventional designs of Rushton turbines, dislocated Rushton turbine was found to deliver higher kLa. Finally, using dimensional analysis, the kLa for different impeller configurations was correlated in the form of dimensionless groups, suggesting that this approach can be used for predicting kLa in different scales of stirred tank bioreactors.
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