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James Olusegun Adeyeri PhD 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2017 Localities Vol.7 No.-
By early 2014, the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was relatively peaceful largely due to the Federal Government’s Amnesty Program and its allied policy of socio-economic development. The historically intractable Niger Delta conflict between environmental, resource control, and fiscal federalism agitators versus the Nigerian state had indeed begun to show signs of abatement from 2010, following the proclamation and commencement of implementation of an amnesty program by the Umar Yar‘Adua government earlier in 2009. Under this policy, the president declared a general amnesty and unconditional pardon to all the militants who had taken up arms against the Nigerian state during the course of the Niger Delta struggle, and in return they were to surrender their arms and renounce militancy within 60 days. In addition, the Presidential Committee on Amnesty and Disarmament for Militants was established to execute a post-amnesty program of socio-economic development in the Niger Delta worth about N200 billion (Aghalino, 2010:82). However, the relative peace and security achieved in the region by this policy has come under serious threat since February, 2016, following several bomb attacks on oil and gas infrastructure by new militant groups, foremost among which are the Niger Delta Avengers (NDA), the Joint Niger Delta Liberation Force (JNDLF), and the Adaka Boro Avengers (ABA) (Amaize, et al, 2016; Ugwuanyi, 2016; Ogundipe, 2016). This paper is a post-amnesty analysis of the Yar'Adua/Jonathan administration's conflict resolution and peace and security strategy for the Niger Delta to resolve the lingering crisis over environmental degradation and oil exploration. The study raises these questions about the amnesty program: How successful is it? To what extent have ex-militants been re-integrated into society? Has the programme resolved the Niger Delta’s core problems of environmental degradation, acute socio-economic backwardness, and resource control/fiscal federalism grievances? If it has been unsuccessful (as currently unfolding developments in the region indicate), then what next?
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