Association of Poor Prognosis Subtypes of Breast Cancer with Estrogen Receptor Alpha Methylation in Iranian Women

Izadi, Pantea,Noruzinia, Mehrdad,Fereidooni, Foruzandeh,Nateghi, Mohammad Reza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Breast cancer is a prevalent heterogeneous malignant disease. Gene expression profiling by DNA microarray can classify breast tumors into five different molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, basal and normal-like which have differing prognosis. Recently it has been shown that immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), can divide tumors to main subtypes: luminal A (ER+; PR+/-; HER-2-), luminal B (ER+;PR+/-; HER-2+), basal-like (ER-;PR-;HER2-) and Her2+ (ER-; PR-; HER-2+). Some subtypes such as basal-like subtype have been characterized by poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. Due to the importance of the ER signaling pathway in mammary cell proliferation; it appears that epigenetic changes in the $ER{\alpha}$ gene as a central component of this pathway, may contribute to prognostic prediction. Thus this study aimed to clarify the correlation of different IHC-based subtypes of breast tumors with $ER{\alpha}$ methylation in Iranian breast cancer patients. For this purpose one hundred fresh breast tumors obtained by surgical resection underwent DNA extraction for assessment of their ER methylation status by methylation specific PCR (MSP). These tumors were classified into main subtypes according to IHC markers and data were collected on pathological features of the patients. $ER{\alpha}$ methylation was found in 25 of 28 (89.3%) basal tumors, 21 of 24 (87.5%) Her2+ tumors, 18 of 34 (52.9%) luminal A tumors and 7 of 14 (50%) luminal B tumors. A strong correlation was found between $ER{\alpha}$ methylation and poor prognosis tumor subtypes (basal and Her2+) in patients (P<0.001). Our findings show that $ER{\alpha}$ methylation is correlated with poor prognosis subtypes of breast tumors in Iranian patients and may play an important role in pathogenesis of the more aggressive breast tumors.

The Diophantine Equation ax⁶ + by³ + cz² = 0 in Gaussian Integers

IZADI, FARZALI,KHOSHNAM, FOAD Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.3

In this article, we will examine the Diophantine equation $ax^6+by^3+cz^2=0$, for arbitrary rational integers a, b, and c in Gaussian integers and find all the solutions of this equation for many different values of a, b, and c. Moreover, two equations of the type $x^6{\pm}iy^3+z^2=0$, and $x^6+y^3{\pm}wz^2=0$ are also discussed, where i is the imaginary unit and w is a third root of unity.

Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-grafted carbon nanotubes as a hybrid multifunctional curing agent for epoxy-modified polyurethane

Izadi Mohammadreza,Mardani Hanieh,Roghani-Mamaqani Hossein,Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4

Carbon nanotube (CNT) grafted with hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (CNTD) were used as a multifunctional curing and composite agent of polyurethane (PU) terminated with epoxy units. Amino-functionalized CNT was used as the core for grafting the frst generation of PAMAM dendrimer by sequential addition of methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine. Two diferent epoxy-terminated PUs (PUB and PU-PMDA) were prepared from the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol), excess amounts of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and diferent chain extenders (1,4-butanediol for PUB and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) for PU-PMDA), and subsequent end group transformation of the isocyanate groups to epoxy functionalities using glycidol. Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that CNTD was successfully prepared. TGA thermograms revealed that thermal decomposition of composites were carried out in two main steps related to the soft and hard segments. In addition, char content and thermal stability of the composites were increased with increasing the CNTD content. Most importantly, the PMDA chain extender resulted in high thermal stability of the epoxy-terminated PU composites. X-ray difraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopies presented morphological and structural properties of nanotubes and hybrid composites.

On the Lightning Induced Voltage Along Overhead Power Distribution Line

Izadi, Mahdi,Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin,Hajikhani, Maryam The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5

Lightning induced voltage is a major factor that causes interruptions on distribution lines. In this paper, analytical expressions are proposed to evaluate a lightning induced voltage on power lines directly in the time domain without the need to apply any extra conversions. The proposed expressions can consider the widely used current functions and models in contrast to the earlier analytical expressions which had a number of limitations related to the simplification of the channel base current and the current along the lightning channel. The results show that the simulated values based on the proposed method are in good agreement with the previous studies and the proposed expressions can be used for optimizing the insulation and protection level of existing and new lines being designed.

Evaluating Direct Costs of Gastric Cancer Treatment in Iran - Case Study in Kerman City in 2015

Izadi, Azar,Sirizi, Mohammad Jaffari,Esmaeelpour, Safa,Barouni, Mohsen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.6

Background: Gastrointestinal cancers are common malignancies associated with high mortality rates. Healthcare systems are always faced with high costs of treatment of gastrointestinal cancers including stomach cancer. Identification and prioritization of these costs can help determine economic burden and then improve of health planning by policy-makers. This study was performed in 2015 in Kerman City aimed at estimating the direct hospital costs for patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of 160 patients with stomach cancer admitted from 2011 to 2014 to Shafa Hospital were examined, the current stage of the disease and the patients' health status were identified, and the direct costs related to the type of treatment in the public and private sectors were calculated. SPSS-19 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Of the patients studied, 103 (65%) were men and 57 (35%) were women. The mean age of patients was 65 years. Distribution into four stages of the disease was 5%, 20%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. Direct costs in four stages of the disease were calculated as 2191.07, 2642.93, 2877, and 2674.07 USD (63,045,879, 76,047,934, 82,783,019, and 76,943,800 IRR), respectively. The highest percentage of costs was related to surgery in Stage I and to medication in Stages II, III, and IV. According to the results of direct costs of treatment for stomach cancer in Kerman, the mean total cost of treating a patient in the public sector was estimated at 74,705,158 IRR, of which averages of 60,141,384 IRR and 14,563,774 IRR were the shares of insurance and patients, respectively. Conclusions: The high prevalence and diagnosis of disease in old age and at advanced stages of disease impose great costs on the patients and the health system. Early diagnosis through screening and selecting an appropriate treatment method might largely ameliorate the economic burden of the disease.

Considering on the Ground Reflection Effect on the Electromagnetic Fields due to Lightning Channel

Izadi, Mahdi,Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin,Hajikhani, Maryam The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.4

Lightning electromagnetic fields are important issues for the evaluation of lightning induced overvoltage on power lines and for setting the appropriate protection level for power networks. Such electromagnetic fields are strongly dependent on lightning return stroke currents at different heights along the lightning channel. On the other hand, the ground reflection factor due to the difference between the return stroke channel impedance and the equivalent ground impedance at channel base can have an effect on the shape of the return stroke currents by entering additional reflected currents into the channel. In this paper, the effect of the ground reflection factor on the return stroke currents at different heights along a channel and the electromagnetic fields associated with the lightning channel at close distances are considered. Moreover, the behavior of the electromagnetic fields versus the reflection factor changes and the radial distance changes are considered and the results are discussed accordingly. The results illustrate that the reflection factor has a direct relationship with the values of the electromagnetic fields while this is usually ignored in earlier studies.

Experimental and numerical study of piston thermal management using piston cooling jet

Mohammad Izadi Najafabadi,Mostafa Mirsalim,Vahid Hosseini,Shahabeddin Alaviyoun 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.3

This research investigates the effects of piston cooling jet (PCJ) on the temperature and heat transfer of a piston. A numerical modelwas developed by using the computational fluid dynamic approach in which the fluid and solid domains of the piston were coupled in athree-dimensional space. Two-phase flow of oil and air was also simulated. This method was used to analyze the effects of oil velocityand piston position on the heat transfer coefficient at the bottom of the piston as the new outcomes of this study. For the experiment,combustion heat flux on the piston was simulated in a test rig, and numerical results were validated. The results showed a linear relationbetween the oil jet velocity and the average of heat transfer coefficient at the bottom of the piston, and a periodic correlation between thepiston’s vertical position and the average of heat transfer coefficient. The average of the piston crown temperature could be reduced toabout 70 K by using the PCJ system, but this cooling method could create 50 K temperature gradient in the piston.

Enforcement of Foreign Awards among the Silk Road Countries: With Special References to Iran and China

Arash Izadi 이준국제법연구원 2018 China and WTO Review Vol.4 No.1

The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous and saturated porous media by nanoscale zero-valent iron stabilized with flaxseed gum extract: Synthesis by continuous flow injection method

Neman Izadi,Banafsheh Haji Ali,Mohammad Sajjad Shahin,Majid Baghdadi 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.8

Recently, the in-situ removal of contaminants by iron nanoparticles has been considered due to their nontoxicity,abundance, ease of production, and cost-effectiveness, which can be accomplished by injecting them underground. In this study, nZVI was synthesized using a novel continuous synthesis method using flaxseed glaze as a green,non-toxic, and low-priced coating. The produced nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic diffraction analysis(DLS), field electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Cr(VI) concentration, FG-nZVI dosage, pH, and coexistingcomponents (Total dissolved solids, Humic acid, and NO3) on Cr(VI) removal. Results of the characterization andidentification, and stability tests indicated that nanoparticles synthesized by using this continuous synthesis system weresmaller and more regular shaped than those prepared by conventional synthesis. According to the results, the Cr(VI)residual level increased by increasing the initial Cr(VI) concentration and decreased by increasing the nZVI coatedwith flaxseed glaze (FG-nZVI) dosage. At the Cr(VI) initial concentration of 4mg L1, the Cr(VI) was removed entirelyat almost all dosages of FG-nZVI. Optimal amount of FG-nZVI was 62.73mg L1 when applied at 4mg L1 of Cr(VI)at optimum pH 6.64, resulting in the Cr(VI) residual concentration of 0.05mg L1. The results of saturated porousmedia showed that injection background solutions enhanced the transfer of nanoparticles in the porous medium, resultingin the adequate removal along the desired radius. The results illustrated that using FG-nZVI can be effective forpractical groundwater remediation.

Some results concerning fixed point in vector spaces

Mojtaba Izadi,Asghar Jokar,Mohammad Hadi Akhbari 강원경기수학회 2022 한국수학논문집 Vol.30 No.4

In this paper, we study the generalization of the Banach contraction principle in the vector space, involving four rational square terms in the inequality, by using the notation of bilinear functional. We also present an extension of Selberg's inequality to vector space.