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Possible Presence of an Interleukin-6-Like Molecule in the Immunized Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera)
Kim, Iksoo,Lee, Young-Shin,Lee, Joon-Ha,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Kang, Pil-Don,Lee, In-Hee,Kim, Jin-Won,Lee, Heui-Sam,Kang, Seok-Woo Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.2
Cytokines represent an essential part of the innate immune response in mammals. Recently, several studies have reported the presence of cytokine-like activities and molecules in the invertebrates such as echinoderms, tunicates, mollusks and insects. In our serial study, we investigated presence of cytokines in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, infected with several immune inducers. Western blotting analysis using rabbit anti-human cytokines showed the presence of IL-6-like molecule in the hemolymph collected at 8 and 24 hrs after infection with peptidoglycan and oligodeoxynucleotide, and the molecular weight of the proteins was ∼45 kDa. We attempted to isolate the molecule by gel permeation HPLC, anion exchange chromatography, ultra centrifugation, and immuno-dot-blot assay, but until now the effort was not much successful yet. It, however, does not appear that the IL-6-like molecule in the silkworm larvae is a mere experimental artifact happened by Western blotting analysis. Instead, further experiment on this subject probably will provide us more fruitful result as detected in other invertebrates including insects.
Lee, IkSoo,Kim, Junghyun,Kim, Young Sook,Yoo, Nam Hee,Kim, Chan-Sik,Jo, Kyuhyung,Kim, Joo-Hwan,Bach, Tran The,Kim, Jin Sook American Society of Pharmacognosy ; American Chemi 2012 Journal of natural products Vol.75 No.7
<P>Six new cycloartane-type triterpenes (1-6), 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,7관-triol (1), 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,7관,16관-tetraol (2), 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,16관-triol (3), 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,7관,16관-triol 3-O-관-d-xylopyranoside (4), 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,16관-triol 3-O-관-d-xylopyranoside (5), and 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,7관-triol 3-O-관-d-xylopyranoside (6), were isolated from the leaves of Homonoia riparia, together with one known compound, 24-methylenecycloartane-3관,6관,7관,16관-tetraol 3-O-관-d-xylopyranoside (7). The structures of the new triterpenes were established by spectroscopic studies and from chemical evidence, and the inhibitory effects of compounds 1 and 3-7 on VEGF-induced vascular permeability were examined in vivo in rats using the Miles assay. In addition, the inhibitory effect of 7 on VEGF-induced tube formation by HUVECs in vitro was investigated.</P>
Cytotoxicity of Ergosterol Derivatives from the Fruiting Bodies of Hygrophorus russula
IkSoo Lee,JinPyo Kim,나민균,정현주,민병선,배기환 한국생약학회 2011 Natural Product Sciences Vol.17 No.2
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CHCl3-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus russula led to the isolation of five ergosterol derivatives (1 - 5). The structures of these compounds were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), ergosta-7,22-diene-3b,5a,6a-triol (3), ergosta-7,22-diene-3b,5a,6b,9a-tetraol (4), and 5a,6a-epoxy-ergosta-8(14),22-diene-3b,7a-diol (5) by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those in the literature. These compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against A549 and XF498 cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds, except for compound 3, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against both A549 and XF498 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 10.2 to 18.3 ?g/mL and from 11.4 to 24.6 ?g/mL, respectively.
Cytotoxicity of Triterpenes Isolated from <i>Aceriphyllum rossii</i>
Lee, IkSoo,Yoo, Jae Kuk,Na, MinKyun,Min, Byung Sun,Lee, JongPill,Yun, Bong Sik,Jin, WenYi,Kim, HongJin,Youn, UiJung,Chen, Quan Cheng,Song, Kyung Sik,Seong, Yeon Hee,Bae, KiHwan The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2007 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.55 No.9
<P>Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of the whole plant of <I>Aceriphyllum rossii</I> (Saxifragaceae) led to the isolation of two new triterpenes, 3α,23-isopropylidenedioxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (1) and 23-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (2), together with six known triterpenes, 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (3), 3α-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid (4), β-peltoboykinolic acid (5), aceriphyllic acid A (6), oleanolic acid (7), and gypsogenic acid (8). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. These compounds were evaluated for <I>in vitro</I> cytotoxicity against the K562 and HL-60 cell lines. Olean-12-en-27-oic acid derivatives (1—6) exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against K562 and HL-60 cell lines with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values ranging from 12.2 to 28.7 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL> and from 12.1 to 25.8 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>, respectively.</P>
Kim, Iksoo,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Jin, Byung-Rae,Lee, Young-Sin,Ryu, Kang-Sun Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.1
Alcohol dehydrogenases (AHDs) are enzymes responsible for the catalysis of the reversible conversion of various alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketonesis. Until now cDNA sequences of ADH gene is informed exclusively from several diptean species. We describe here the cDNA sequence and mRNA expression of a putative ADH gene from the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis, and phylogenetic relationships among known insect ADHs. The G. orientalis ADH cDNA sequences comprised of 798 bp encoding 266 amino acid residues. The multiple sequence alignment of G. orientalis ADH gene and known dipteran ADHs shared 100% identity in the nine amino acid residues that are important for the enzymatic activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Percent sequence identity ranged from 25% to 32% among all insect ADHs including both types of ADHs. G. orientalis ADH gene showed no clear resemblance to any dipteran species and type. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of G. orientalis ADH gene with available dipteran ADH genes including both types of ADHs further confirmed that the G. orientalis ADH gene is not clearly assigned to either type of ADHs. Northern blot analysis revealed a stronger signal in the fat body than midgut and epidermis, indicating that the fat body possibly is a main site for the synthesis of the G. orientalis ADH protein.
Kim, Iksoo,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Jin, Byung-Rae,Kim, Eun-Sun,Lee, Heui-Sam,Ahn, Mi-Young,Sohn, Hung-Dae,Ryu, Kang-Sun Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.5 No.1
The Sec61 trimeric complex ($\alpha$,$\beta$, and ${\gamma}$ subunits) is one of the Sec-complex responsible for post-translational protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in diverse organisms. In this study, a cDNA encoding the Sec61p ${\gamma}$ subunit homologue was isolated from the cDNA library of the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis. Sequence analysis of a 442-bp cDNA clone showed it to contain an open reading frame of 68 amino acid residues consisted of 204-bp. The homologues of the gene were found in the GenBank database in a diverse organism including insect, mammals, fungi, and plants. The deduced amino acid sequence of Sec61p ${\gamma}$ subunit homologue of the mole cricket showed the highest homology to the gene of the singly known insect, Drosophila melanogester (93% identity), and the least homology to that of the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (37.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed a close relationship between the insect Sec61p ${\gamma}$ subunit homologues of G. orientalis and D. melanogester. Hydropathy analysis of the cricket mole and published other data suggested that the hydrophobic segment close to C-terminus is predicted to be the putative membrane anchor, Multiple alignment of the Sec61p ${\gamma}$ subunit homologue among several organisms showed the presence of several conserved domains including the conserved proline at position 28.
Kim, Iksoo,Lee, Young-Shin,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Cha, So-Young,Kang, Pil-Don,Sohn, Bong-Hee,Lee, In-Hee,Jin, Byung-Rae,Hwang, Jae-Sam Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts are known to induce immunity in vertebrate cells. In insect, however, it was recent to find out that ODNs induces insect immunity as other immune inducer such as lipopolysaccharide. However, the finding was solely based on one lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori, and the expression of insect immunity was neither dependent on numbers of CpG repeats nor methylation of CpG repeats within ODNs. Instead, foreignness of DNA has been suggested to be a key factor governing induction of antibacterial peptide. In this study, we expanded our previous understanding to the potentiality of ODNs as an immune inducer for antifungal peptide in Galleria mellonella and B. mori. To do this, a defensin-type antifungal peptide gene, reported from G. mellonella was cloned and partially sequenced from G. mellonella and B. mori successfully and utilized as a probe in the Northern blot analysis. We found out that ODNs also work as an immune inducer for antifungal peptide in the fat body and midgut of G. mellonella and B. mori larvae. Also, induction pattern of antifungal peptide was irrelevant to the numbers of CpG repeats within ODNs as previously reported on the induction pattern of antibacterial peptides.