Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening within Sympathy Theory

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

Kang, Hyunsook. 1998. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening within Sympathy Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 4, 69-87. In this paper, I analyze the vowel hiatus resolutions, namely, vowel deletion and glide formation in Korean within Sympathy Theory (McCarthy 1997). Two kinds of vowel hiatus resolutions are discussed; obligatory and optional. I will show that obligatory vowel hiatus resolution takes place in the input-to-output correspondence and optional one in the output-to-output correspondence. (Hanyang University)

Affixation to English Loanwords

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.2

Kang, Hyunsook. 1999. Affixation to English Loanwords. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5.2, 291-307. In this paper, we discuss the process of how a foreign word is adopted in Korean and what lexical form it should have in the lexicon. Ito & Mester (1995) argue that the same lexical inputs will result in different surface forms depending on the different constraint rankings, namely native ranking or foreign ranking. I will examine the process of adoption when an English loanword is affixed with a native Korean suffix. I will show that foreign words are first undergo the phonotactic constraints of the foreign ranking. Secondly, the outputs selected by this process are stored in the lexicon as a lexical base and affixation of native morphemes occurs on these bases. (Hanyang University)

Rule Ordering and Optimality Theory

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

Kang, Hyunsook. 1997. Rule Ordering and Optimality Theory. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 57-76. Lakoff (1993) argues that phonological rules in Yawelmani should be ordered to one another and therefore, that three phonological levels are motivated not only for theoretical reasons but for empirical reasons. In this paper, I examine phonological rules in Yawelmani and attempt to dispense with three phonological levels suggested in Lakoff (1993). (Hanyang University)

Perception grammar for loanwords

Hyunsook Kang 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.2

Perception Grammar for Loanwords. Kang, Hyunsook. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.2. 301-313. This paper is concerned with how perception influences the surface forms of loanwords. I argue that the /t+s/ cluster in English is adopted as [ch] in loanwords due to its perceptual similarity to [ch] rather than [ts] in Korean. I also argue that different surface forms of /ts/ and /t?/ in English appear in loanwords due to different acoustic cues. Furthermore, 1 consider surface forms of liquid in loanwords and show that perception is again responsible for the appearance of/?/ in phrase-initial position and different surface realizations of /Consonant+Liquid/ clusters. (Hanyang University)

한국 대학생의 영어 문법 습득 난이도

고현숙 ( Ko¸ Hyunsook ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2021 중등영어교육 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the difficulty of English grammar features by Korean EFL learners such as past tense of verbs, passive, 3^rd person singular -s, comparative adjectives, yes/no question, auxiliary verbs, many/much, for/since, articles, subjunctive mood, dative alternation, infinitives. gerunds, participles, and relatives. To this end, a fill-in-the-blanks test of English sentences and a set of English proficiency tests were administered for 67 college students in Ulsan, Korea. The results showed significant differences in accuracy for gerunds between high and intermediate levels of learners. In the comparison of accuracy by high and low levels of learners were found significant differences for passive, 3^rd person singular -s, yes/no question, auxiliary verbs, many/much, for/since, dative alternation, infinitives, gerunds, participles, and relatives. On the other hand, no significant difference was found for past tense of verbs, comparative adjectives, articles, and subjunctive mood across the groups of learners. Based on these findings, the study suggested that pedagogical priorities should be established to help Korean EFL university learners, particularly with past tense of verbs, subjunctive mood, and 3^rd person singular -s, articles, and relatives. Finally, the study discussed difficulty in comparison with those of Rodriguez Silva(2017) and Cheng and Lee(2020).

어니스트 게인즈(Ernest J. Gaines)의 『죽음앞의 교훈』(A Lesson Before Dying)에 나타난 흑인의 노예화 구조의 고착

최현숙 ( Choi¸ Hyunsook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.2

A Lesson Before Dying reveals the tension inherent in the lives of African-Americans during the 1940s. Gaines highlights how the pull away from the South divided blacks from their heritage and roots. This story bases on Grant's attempts to teach Jefferson a lesson and shows a possibility that the black community can be changed through two men's spiritual transformation. Throughout the long history of slavery, racism pervaded every nook and cranny of society, grinding down black people in everyday interactions. Although the slavery had been abolished, black people were made to feel their inferiority and white people sought to return blacks to their subordinate status under the slavery. This paper examines the slavery structure of black people that white people generated. This discrimination-structure enslaved black people spiritually and influenced the formation of black people's identity.

『빌러비드』: 노예제의 상흔과 초월의 담론

최현숙 ( Choi¸ Hyunsook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.2

Morrison brings us to the brink of an unspoken history in beloved, which should return. Although African-American people have been liberated from the institution of slavery, they are still stuck in the past by the heritage of their slavery. Morrison raises the issue of African-American's identity, which has been divided and distorted in American Society. Therefore, their self-enslavement hinders them from re-establishing their true self-identities. This paper, focusing on Sethe' trauma narrative and it's healing, studies how black soul could be released from the past of the slavery and rebuild their history as a subject. Beloved explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual devastation wrought by slavery, that continues to haunt Sethe, who is a former slave, even in freedom. Set during the Reconstruction era in 1873, Paul D, who worked together on Mr. Garner's Sweet Home plantation, went to Sethe's house. Since his appearance, Sethe starts to release her traumatic memory. The house at 124 is where Sethe and Denver live. It stands at center stage in beloved representing the repressed unconsciousness like a noose binding them. Each part of the novel starts with the description of 124 as ‘SPITEFUL’, ‘LOUD’, ‘QUIET’. In the beginning of the story she is trapped in her traumatic memory living in this house. Most of it is too painful for her to recall. Her rememory reveals the traumatic kernel of her and the buried history residing in the 124. With Paul D, Denver and black folks' help her soul frees from the Beloved' venom and in the end she no more suffers from the trauma. Sethe's experience is not only just individual but a national trauma. This story demonstrates that the personal process of healing can be produced on historical level. Morrison points out that the underlying cause to noose black soul is not external factors but an internal contradiction of black community. Therefor, African- American people must face their past and pass on the history to move toward the new future.

『내가 죽어 누워 있을 때』 : 비천한 어머니의 기호계와 말하는 주체

최현숙 ( Choi¸ Hyun-sook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to explore an abject mother and the interrelation between the semiotic and a speaking subject in William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying. William Faulkner centers dying(dead) Addie Bundren's monologue in the text. Her maternal authority, which embodies the semiotic, violates the border of the symbolic and disrupts the identity of a symbolic subject. As Addie's corpse breaks all of the boundaries and seriously has an effect on the Bundrens, the influence of the semiotic is found in the identity of her children and their use of poetic language. During the funeral the children underwent hardships by water, which this abject mother wields. Among the children Dewey Dell and Darl's monologues show the crisis of the eruption of the semiotic within a speaking subject. The self must give up their maternal body in order to enter the symbolic world, while Julia Kristeva claims the mother never be eliminated from the symbolic subject. In a case of Dewey Dell and Darl, their use of poetic language proves a threat of the semiotic. Although Faulkner represents the subversive power of abject mother through Addie, he doesn't simply give the semiotic a priority over the symbolic, but emphasizes the balance of the two. According to Kristeva, the semiotic system that proves a speaking subject, which has a creative power, ultimately leads to the signifying process of a subject. Therefore, Faulkner realizes the revolution of a poetic subject through Cash's transfiguration process; his reaction to the music mirrors well that he releases the pulse and rhythm of the semiotic into his rigid symbolic subject. A speaking subject should be the one who creates the signifying process of an artistic revolution controlling and accepting the impulse of the semiotic flexibly not being buried in the extremes of the semiotic or symbolic. In the end Cash replaces Darl as a speaker of the novel to place himself on the symbolic world.

Feminine identity and The ethics in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of darkness

( Choi¸ Hyun Sook ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2018 영어권문화연구 Vol.11 No.2

This paper analyzes the feminine identity and the ethics of care through Joseph Conrad’s Heart of darkness. Feminine identity, a concept opposite to the traditional self, raises an alternative for harmonious coexistence within feminine paradigm. In Heart of darkness, Marlow, who recognizes a helmsman as a human being, forms feminine identity out of the male-centered self. After building a ‘concrete’ relationship with the helmsman, he comes to have a thoughtful sensibility by abandoning the logical reason. Malow’s awakening, moreover, reaches its peak by women. He acknowledges the limitation of a male-centered thinking when facing two other women. At this moment his dichotomous thinking on each flowed women collapses, so that he could avoid the conceptual confrontation of civilization/savagery and men/women. In light of Gilligan’s theory, Marlow proves that he is not a sexist or imperial advocate but a person of empathy with others. His intention of his lie to Kurtz’s fiancée is to protect her from unnecessary pain, not to shame her as her theory. Feminine identity leads to ‘coexistence’ with others through the sensitivity of care for others.

오키나와 운가미(海神祭)의 구조와 특징 - 시오야만(塩屋湾)의 제장(祭場)과 제신(祭神)을 중심으로

이현숙 ( Lee¸ Hyun-sook ) 사단법인 퇴계학부산연구원 2020 퇴계학논총 Vol.36 No.-

오키나와의 전통신앙은 고대 원시 자연신앙과 인간의 죽음에서 시작되는 조상신 신앙에 근거한 애니미즘적인 다신교이다. 바다와 산으로 형성된 시오야만에서는 바다의 敬畏에서 ‘니라이카나이’ 세계관에 대한 깊은 인식과 산악신앙에 기원을 둔 ‘우타키(御嶽)’신앙이 두텁다. 그래서 ‘운가미(海神)’의 바다에서의 거처는 ‘니라이카나이’, 산에서의 거처는 ‘우타키’, 마을에서의 거처는 ‘카미아사기(神アサギ)’이다. 이러한 세계관을 가진 시오야만(塩屋湾)의 운가미는 우타키에 기원을 둔 카미아사기가 주요 제사 장소이다. 그 외 마을의 여러 기원장소(拜所)는 물론 노로殿, 宗家, 해변, 강변, 바다, 마을 공민관 등 祭場의 다양성을 볼 수 있다. 그러나 운가미의 표상적인 祭神은 바다에서 오는 海神이다. 이는 바다 저멀리 아득한 끝에 있다는 니라이카나이의 타계관에 의한 것이다. 니라이카나이는 죽은 자가 가는 저승임과 동시에 새 생명이 탄생하는 생명의 근원으로 아기의 영혼이 탄생하고, 祖靈은 조상신으로 신격화되는 곳이다. 이러한 점에서 운가미의 신은 바다를 지키는 海神뿐 만 아니라 조상신을 포함한 여러 신의 존재를 인식할 필요가 있다. 특히 니라이카나이가 바다에 있고 바다를 통해서 온다고 인식하는 해신은 시오야만 주민들의 의식 속에 신의 상징적 의미로 자리 잡고 있다. 즉 시오야만의 운가미의 祭場과 祭神에는 복합적이고 다양성을 가진 구조와 특징을 내포하고 있다. 그러한 의미에서 본 논문은 시오야만의 마을공동체 종교의례인 운가미의 祭場과 祭神를 중심으로 운가미의 구조와 특징을 고찰하였다. Okinawa's traditional faith is an animistic polytheistic religion based on ancient primitive naturalism and ancestralism that begins with human death. In Shioya Bay, which is formed by the sea and mountains, there is a deep understanding of Niraikanai's world view and Utaki belief, which originated from mountain worship, in the piousness of the sea. Ungami's residence in the sea is Niraikanai, Utaki from the mountains, and Kmiasagi from the village. With this worldview, Ungami in Shioya Bay has its origins in singing and is the main place for festivals. In addition to the various prayer sites in the village, you can see the diversity of the festival sites such as the palace, the head family, the beach, the riverside, the sea, and the village community center. However, the symbolic deity of Ungami is the sea god. This is due to Niraikanai's view of the world far away from the sea. Niraikanai means that the soul reborn as the root of the life in which a new life is born as well as the god of death that the dead go, is a baby, and the god reborn as an ancestor. In this respect, the various gods of Ungami need to recognize the existence of various gods, including not only the sea god who protects the sea but also the ancestral god. In particular, the sea god, who recognizes that Niraikanai is in the sea and comes through the sea, has the symbolic meaning of God in the consciousness of the residents of Kamaya. In other words, there are complex and diverse structures and characteristics of the Unkami Festival site and various gods in Shioya Bay. In this sense, this article focuses on the structure and characteristics of Ungami, a religious ritual of the village community in Kuriya Bay.