都市民의 住居生活樣式과 空間缺陷에 관한 硏究

洪亨沃,申良宣 慶熙大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to classify housing life style and to recognize housing deficit of urban area residents. The model proposed by Morris & Winter(1978) and modified by Hong(1986) was adopted as a conceptual framework to analyze the present housing problems by empirical study. Analyses were made in following areas; 1. How is housing life style of urbanites classified? 2. What differences are there among groups by classified housing life style on the independent variables? 3. What is the space deficit of urbanites? 4. What relationship is there between housing life style and space deficit? A questionaire containing 39 items was used to analyze the above mentioned areas. The questionaires were distributed to 600 housewives Because 149 housewives didn’t fill in blank satisfactorily, only 461 questionaires were used in the study. The reliability of the analysis was very high with the Cronbach’s a value of over. 90. The data was treated using SPSS/PC^+ program package to calculate the following values ; the Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Crosstabulation, t-test, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s Multiple range test. The major findings were as follows; 1. Three representative types of housing life styles were found through Cluster Analysis. They were Contemporary housing life style, Transitional housing life style, and Conventional housing life style. 2. Those who were included in Contemporary housing life style lived in apartment housing. They received a college education, and engaged in white-collar level jobs. Those who were included in Transitional housing life style and Conventional housing life style were occupied with middle class jobs. They were apt to be included in lower level jobs, education, income, and housing space variables than Contemporary housing life style. 3. Housing deficit was divided into six dimensions as follows; ‘I. inner space organization’,‘Ⅱ. size of inner space and house orientation’, ‘Ⅲ. storage’,‘Ⅳ. privacy’,‘Ⅴ. sanitary space’,‘Ⅵ.lighting of each inner space’. 4. The space deficit differed according to classified housing life style groups. Those who were included in Contemporary housing life style had the least space deficit in the three housing life style groups. Conventional housing life style groups lived in the worst housing space condition. As a result of these findings, when the living space was planned, it was recommended that after due consideration about housing life style, the housing must be planned very carefully o minimize the space deficit.

家庭管理의 認知的 領域 啓發을 위한 基礎 硏究

洪亨沃 제주대학교 1977 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purposes of this article are to emphasize definite cognitive domain in relation to managerial situation-utilizing family resources, decision-making and management process-and to show that cognitive domain (high cognitive) plays a more important role in developing and cultivating the managerial ability than technical domain (low cognitive). From the above conceptual framework, the questionaire was developed and used. The sample consists of 60 female students in Jeju National University. Half of them (Group A) major in Home Economics, while the other half (Group B) do not. Each student was asked to answer thirty questions-four on decision-making, six on planning, four on organization, eleven on implementation and five on evaluation-through self-evaluation in three degrees, i.e., low (one point), average (two) and high (three), To verify differences in attitudes of the two groups t-test method was adopted. The results acquired are as fellows. 1. Group B have considered themselves more competent in ability to make timely decision (p<.05) and to collect information (p<.01) and leadership (p<.001) than Group A in each level of significance. 2. Group A have considered themselves more competent in ability to accept problems (p<.05), to visualize a plan (p<.05), to give directions (p<.05) and to apply the pre-evaluated results (p<.05). 3. Both groups have regarded their ability to make well conceived and complete plans and to devise alternative use of available resources beyond average. 4. Means of scores on 17 out of 30 items was higher in Group A than in Group B, No difference was revealed in six items. The above results show that Group A are more familiar with cognitive domain, thus are expected to have the potential to meet with problems with creativity in homemaking but lack implementing ability, while Group B, unaware of the principle of home management, are decisive and capable of practical implementation but prone to feel bored in home affairs. An implication follows from the above. Cultivation of personal traits such as decisiveness, positivity and leadership is recommended for Group A to further develop managerial ability, while for Group B introduction and motivation to the managerial knowledge and, in particular, cognitive domain in home management is expected to produce a better life than otherwise.

韓國傳統住居生活硏究(Ⅰ) : 朝鮮時代 家族生活을 中心으로 with special reference to the family living iin the Cho-Sun Dynasty

洪亨沃 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

A historical review is made on the family living in the Cho-Sun Dynasty in relation to the traditional housing arrangement by literature and field survey of the housing remains. This study is thought to be important to understand Korean tradition which is the results of the developmental succession of the past. Analyses were made in the following relationships; ⑴ family size and the number of rooms. ⑵ family type and considerations for the family member who ran family affairs. ⑶ inheriting practice and housing plan. ⑷ the functions and relationships of each family member and his space in the house. ⑸ life cycle of individual and mobility in inner house. ⑹ family status and house scale. It was found that the housing plan was deeply influenced by the social and family structures which were based on Confucianism. Housing plan was made in the way to distinction between sexes and the elder dominance, which is the philosophical fundamentals of the society of the Cho-Sun Dynasty. This space arrangement of the house accelerated gradually the society to implement the extremely strict Confucianism morals in the later days. Consequently the Korean traditional house was considered as a place of implementing Confucianism not as a place for family happiness in the Cho-Sun Dynasty.

韓國 傳統住居生活 硏究 (Ⅱ) : 家族內 人間關係의 構造를 中心으로 With special reference to the structure of family relationships in the Cho-Sun Dynasty

洪亨沃 慶熙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

This historical review was made on the family relationships in the Cho-Sun Dynasty in relation to the traditional housing characteristics by literature and field survey of the housing remains. Analysis were made under the following subtitles. 1. Mutual effects between structure of family relationships and housing characteristics. 1) status of woman 2) husband-wife relationships 3) parents-children relationships 4) mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationships, and father-in-law and daughter-in-law relationships 5) family communication and decision-making patterns 2. Characteristics of traditional Korean housing. 1) arrangement of plan 2) structural patterns 3) functional evaluation It was found that housing characteristics of Cho-Sun Dynasty was deeply influenced by the Confucianism of distinction between sexes and the elder dominance. In this report, the focus was made deeply on the mutual effects between human and physical structure than the first one which had been reported on the same Journal, 1982. By the field survey more affluent evidences were complemented about the rising effects that housing characteristics accelerated gradually the society to implement the extremely strict Confucianism morals in the later days.

공동주택 관리업무 수행 평가도구 개발에 관한 연구

은난순,홍형옥 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.12

The aim of this study was to make an evaluation tool for multi-family housing management with discussion of managerial situation of multi-family housing for sale (so called condominium) in Korea. The theoretical framework that was derived from social constructionism was used. Housing managers' and residents' opinions were reflected in evaluation tool to make a clear distinction from existing tools. The parts of evaluation tool were composed of maintenance, operating management, residential life management. Differences from existing tools, ‘Evaluation Tool for Multi-family Housing Management(ETMHM)’ got contents validity and objectivity through selecting items from the research results about managers, residents and professionals. To identify the level of evaluation, Likert summated scale(5 point) was used.

家族生活週期 模型設定과 住居意識 및 行動에 關한 硏究

劉永珠,洪亨沃 慶熙大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to make a model of Family Life Cycle in Korea now & to find factors for housing consciousness and behavior and to analyze the relationship between housing life cycle and the total housing satisfaction. Ⅰ. Answers to a queationnaire were collected from 724 housewives in seoul area, 232 housewives in big cities, 203 housewives in small cities. The questionnaire contained 10 items about family situations. Analyzing methods employed for modeling of family life cycle are frequency family situations. Analyzing methods employed for modeling of family life cycle are frequency, percentage, X^2-test. Results and findings are as follows: (1) The mean of first marriage age is 22.4 yrs old. 23.5 yrs old is the result of statistical materials published by E.P.B. 1975. The age of first marriage is higher according to the age, education & residential area. (2) The mean of first baby bearing age is 24.2 yrs old (generally 1 year after marriage). This age is the same as the result of statistical materials published by E.P.B. (3) The mean of last baby bearing age is 32.6 yrs old compared to the E.P.B. statistical materials 3 yrs low. This age is very different according to the age, education & residential area. (4) The mean of first child marriage age is 46.4 yrs old compared to the E.P.B. statistical materials 2.5 yrs old low. (5) The mean of last marriage age is 52.7 yrs old. This age is also 2.3 yrs low compared to the result of E.P.B. materials. (6) The number of child & interval is quite different according to the result of family planning education generation or not. (7) According to the wife's employment, it does not show any difference. (8) The result of analyzing by F.L.C., we don't have launching stage & middle age stage apparently. So, We can make model of F.L.C. in Korea as follows. (it will be change) (1) Establishment stage; from marriage to first baby born. (23 yrs old-24 yrs old) (2) Child bearing & rearing stage; from first baby born to first child enter primary school (24 yrs old-30 yrs old) (3) Child education stage; from first child primary school to high school graduation (30 yrs old-42 yrs old) (4) Child adult stage; from first child got army, college or stay at home(42 yrs old-48 yrs old) (5) Child adult stage; from first child marriage to last child marriage(48 yrs old-57 yrs old) (6) Aging stage; from last child marriage to self dying (57 yrs old after) Ⅱ. Answers to a questionnaire for a study Housing were collected from 623 housewives in seoul area. The questionnaire contained 26 items on housing characteristics of housing needs and housing values with some background questions. Each respondent was asked to evaluate the importance of characteristics as well as her evaluation on that characteristics by giving 1-3 points. The degree of housing satisfaction on each characteristics was calculated by multiplying the points for the importance the characteristics by that for her own house. Following statistical methods were employed to analyze the findings. (1) Factor analysis technique was used in analyzing the results on the importance and satisfaction to find the underlying concept on the housing consciousness and behavior. (2) The factors on housing mobility push and pull were crosstabulated for X^2-test with housing life cycle. (3) Analysis of variance technique was adopted to find the variance of the housing total satisfaction due to the selected independant variables. The conclusions derived from the interview and the statistical analysis are as follows; (1) It was found that the degree of satisfaction is better criterion for the underlying concept of housing consciousness and behavior than the degree of importance for housing characteristics. (2) The important factors for the housing consciousness and behavior are ① Family centrism―Quality of Housing ② Location ③ Social Prestage ④ Maintenance ⑤ Personal Values ⑥ Neighborhood Physical Environment ⑦ Neighborhood Social Environment, in order of importance. These factors comprise 54% in interpreting the housing consciousness and behavior. (3) The family centrism was the strongest housing consciousness and behavior factor among others for housing characteristics contained in the underlying concept, Family Centrism are the affordability and rooms available for the privacy. (4) The housing push and pull factors vary according to the housing life cycle. Location(distance to work) is the pull factor during the period of family establishment, and Neighborhood Physical Environment (availability for better enducation) pull as well as push factor. The majority of the housewives chose house for Location (distance to work), and want to move for the reason for Neighborhood Physical Environment (better education for the children) during the period for chilren's education. After the children have grown up, Neighborhood Physical Environment determines the housing pull and push factors. Push characteristic during the period change to tranquility from the better environment of the children's education. (5) Significant correlation was found between tenure and total housing satisfaction from t-test by significance level P<.001. (6) Covariance with the total housing satisfaction with selected independent variables are recognized p<.05 for educational level, p<.01 for period of residence and age, and p<.001 for income and size of the house. On the other hand the frequency of mobility and family life cycle with the total housing satisfaction didn't show covariant relationships under statistically significant level. The findings in this study can be utilized in the future studies on the housing consciousness and behavior in detail. For the purpose a continued study is suggested.

Preferences for High-rise Mixed Use Buildings (HMUBs) for Living Space in Later Life Among Urban Residents

Hyung Ock Hong 대한가정학회 2006 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.7 No.2

An Examination of Housing Policy for Low-income Households in Korea

Hyung Ock HONG,Hyunjeong LEE 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.8

A Study of the Ecological Perspectives in Traditional Korean Homes

Hong Hyung-Ock,Rhee Kyung-Hee,Kim Dae-Nyun The Korean Home Economics Association 2001 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study is to reveal the kind of traditional perspectives we can use from the past to create a sustainable society for the future and to contribute to the growing interest in, and concern for, environmentally-sound designs. Such perspectives include ways to sustain naturalistic aesthetic views, elements of architectural design, and ideas for traditional lifestyles. Architecture that used these methods would contribute to a more ecologically sensitive view of man's place within the natural environment. This research was conducted by way of literature reviews; the objects of study were physically extant traditional housing, the composition of the traditional village, and traditional lifestyles. The results of this study indicate that the ecological characteristics of traditional Korean homes originated from a holistic conception of society and nature; this holistic conception has been found lacking in our more modern, western influenced homes. In the past, in order to leave an unpolluted or even healthier natural environment to descendents, it was essential to apply ecological principles. Villages harmonized with nature and houses were designed to utilize sunlight and wind. Their natural construction promoted consciousness of human beings and their symbiotic relationship with nature.

Developing Orientation of Senior Congregate Housing in Korea

Hyung Ock Hong,Byung Sun You 대한건축학회 2003 Architectural research Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find the senior housing alternative in Korean situation from the model of sheltered house in the U.K. and service house in Sweden, based on the empirical study of Korean. Research methods used in this study were documentary study and social survey research using the questionnaire. Research subjects were limited to the middle-aged group in their 50’s (from 50 to 59 years old), living in Seoul metropolitan areas. Survey data was collected from November 2, 2002 to November 23, 2002. This research found 123 subjects from 556 samples who responded were willing to move into senior congregate housing.<br/> Most of them were not college graduate and made a monthly income ranged from $1667 to $3333, which average of monthly income is $3293. Most of them had their property less than $0.25 million and their average assets were $0.445 million. The 'total assets' were proved to be the only variable factor through the multiple regression methods that has an influence on the intention to move into senior congregate housing. They preferred the single-detached house when they were being healthy but they preferred the apartment type when they were not being healthy or being alone. And they far preferred the home ownership. With respect to the location of senior congregate housing, while suburban areas were preferred when not being healthy, the downtown area was preferred when being healthy and be widowed.<br/> Based on such result, it could be suggested as follows. Firstly, the housing model eligible for government support for the aged society, it is recommended the model 'category 2 sheltered housing' by the public sectors in the U.K. However, it is necessary that the service may be applicable to 'category 2.5. sheltered housing'. Secondly, The desirous number of units seems to be less than 20, which are coupled with the construction rules for its own sales business in Korea. Thirdly, in designing senior congregate housing, it must be supplemented in construction regulation as a universal design or lifetime home.