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Hyoung-ho Mo,Jinsol Hong,Gwan-Seok Lee,Jung-Joon Park,Doo-Hyung Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Thc climate change has the potential to significantly modify the actual distribution of insect pest with unknown consequences on agricultural systems and management strategies. In this study, Thrips palmi Karny was selected to predict distribution under climate change. T. palmi was introduced and first recorded in 1993 in Korea, and has become a serious pest of vegetable and ornamental crops. The MaxEnt was applied to T. palmi to predict its potential geographic distribution in Korea and Japan under the RCP 8.5 climate changing scenario. The MaxEnt software package is one of the most popular tools for species distribution and environmental niche modeling. The habitat prediction model of T. palmi in Korea was validated by the distribution of T. palmi in Japan. Based on the MaxEnt modeling, T. palmi would expand their potential distribution to whole Korean peninsula except the alpine region in Gangwon-do and Yanggang-do and Hamgyeongbuk-do in 2070s. Therefore, the monitoring system and management strategy for T. palmi should be reconsidered and re-evaluated.
Hyoung-Ho Mo,Yong-Eun Kim,Sung-Eun Kang,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Acetaminophen (CAS 103-90-2) is one of the most used pharmaceuticals around the world. In Korea, it was produced 1,069 tons in 2003. This chemical is not eliminated in wastewater treatment plant and may flow into the ecosystem through various routes. Therefore, there is a possibility that it can make an adverse effect on aquatic organisms. To examine its ecological toxicity, we used three native Korean aquatic invertebrate species, Daphnia sp., Chironomus yoshimatsui, and Ephemera orientalis. The acute toxicity on Daphnia sp. was moderately high, and its 48 hour median immobilization concentration (EC50-immobilization) was 51.7 mg/L. On the other side, the reproductive toxicity was very high, and its EC50 of 25 day reproduction test was 0.005 mg/L. In E. orientalis egg hatching test, the median egg hatching inhibition concentration was 0.199 mg/L. C. yoshimatsui was most tolerant to acetaminophen, in which 48 hour median lethal concentration (LC50) was 400.0 mg/L and 45 day median emergence inhibition concentration (EC50-emergence) was 45.27 mg/L. From this results, we concluded that acetaminophen is hazardous to freshwater macroinvertebrates, especially to water flea. Therefore we need to study more about pharmaceuticals' ecotoxicology including acetaminophen and to assess their potential ecological risk.
Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05
Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis are the most severe pests of pepper in Korea. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reported that the temperature would increase 7℃ at the end of this century. According to the elevated temperature, the pest population will be grow dramatically. We need to predict the pest-population size to maintain good crop productivity. DYMEX and CLIMEX are commercial software developed by CSIRO in Australia, to build and simulate population dynamics models. Using this software, we predicted population dynamics of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis applying past climate data (1970) and future climate data (2070) which were generated by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). The population growth rates of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis were 6300, 16 and 950 times, respectively, with 5 degree elevation. Therefore pest management should be conducted intensively in the future.
Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
Heliothis assulta is the most severe pest of pepper in Korea. The management of this pest is very difficult because the larva live in the pepper fruit and emerge continuously. There are relatively abundant studies about temperature development of H. assulta, but few works are available to describe its future population dynamics which is caused by global warming. If we predict the long-term-population dynamics we can manage the H. assulta more effectively. Therefore we simulated the population size using the computer softwater, DYMEX, developed by CSIRO in Australia. Especially, we predicted population dynamics of H. assulta applying past climate data (1965-1985) and future climate data (2065-2085) which were generated by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). Comparing to past population dynamics, the epidemic size and frequency would increase in the future. This means that the population management of H. assulta should be conducted more sophisticatedly.
Burrowing behavior of <i>Chironomus yoshimatsui</i> larvae as an indicator of freshwater quality
Mo, Hyoung-ho,Son, Jino,Ryoo, Keon-Sang,Bae, Yeon Jae,Cho, Kijong Elsevier 2018 Ecological Indicators Vol.85 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A new behavioral endpoint in ecotoxicity testing, burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> larvae that survived pre-exposure to 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/L of cadmium for 96h was evaluated in a system composed of clean reconstituted water and sand for 5h, at 30min intervals. The effective time required for 50% of the introduced larvae to burrow (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), and the area under the curve at 5h (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>) were calculated based on the fitted relationship between burrowing rate and elapsed time. These effect parameters were chosen because they take into account either the burrowing speed of the larvae (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), or the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), or both (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>). We found that higher cadmium concentrations resulted in longer ET<SUB>50</SUB> and lower AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> values. Additionally, field water samples were collected from streams near residential, natural, agricultural, and industrial areas in Ansan City, Korea in 2014 and 2015, and were used to validate the proposed burrowing test method. The results of the burrowing tests with field collected water samples also confirmed the sensitivity of burrowing activity as an ecotoxicity endpoint, indicated by the large differences among the ET<SUB>50</SUB>, BR<SUB>5h</SUB>, and AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> across the sampling sites and dates with industrial sites strongly affecting burrowing behavior. This study clearly showed that the proposed burrowing test could provide information that would not be detected with the existing acute toxicity tests, within a relatively short time, and can therefore be used as a complement to existing chemical analyses and acute toxicity tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The larval burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> is ecologically important. </LI> <LI> The burrowing behavior was affected by cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations. </LI> <LI> A test method and index were developed to assess freshwater quality using burrowing behavior of <I>C. yoshimatsui</I> larvae. </LI> <LI> The proposed test indicates the presence of hazardous compounds at sublethal concentrations. </LI> </UL> </P>
Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis are major pepper pests in Korea. The objective of this study was to assess the pepper-yield decrease caused by population change of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis. with temperature elevation. It is easy to expect that climate change will increase crop damage caused by pests. Therefore we should predict pest-population dynamics exactly and find the best available strategy for the pest management. Based on the many reported results of temperature development of the three kinds of pest, we simulated the future population dynamics using the computer softwater, DYMEX, developed by CSIRO. The results were that the population sizes and outbreak frequency of 3 kinds pest would increase with global warming. This work may be helpful to establish an effective pest management.
Hyoung-ho Mo,Yongeun Kim,Key-il Shin,Sung-Eun Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Proteomics may help to detect subtle pollution-related changes, such as responses to mixture pollution at low concentrations, where clear signs of toxicity are absent. Also proteomics provide potential in the discovery of new sensitive biomarkers for environmental pollution. We utilized SELDI-TOF MS (surface enhanced laser desorption. / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) to analyze the proteomic profile of Heterocypris incongruens exposed to several heavy metals (lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and chromium) and pesticides (emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, mancozeb and paraquat dichloride). Several highly significant biomarkers were selected to make a model of classification analysis. data sets obtained from H. incongruens exposed to pollutants were investigated for differential protein expression by SELDI-TOF MS and decision tree classification. Decision tree model was developed with training set, and then validated with test set from profiling data of H. incongruens. Machine learning techniques provide a promising approach to process the information from mass spectrometry data. Even thought the identification of protein would be ideal, class discrimination does not need it. In the future, this decision tree model would be validated with various levels of pollutants to apply field samples.
Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho,Yeon Jae Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05
Traditionally oxygen demands and concentrations of variable pollutant have been used for the assessment of lentic or lotic water quality. But there is a high probability that newly synthesized chemicals flow into the aquatic ecosystem, and it is very hard to investigate that many kinds of chemicals interact even though they exit at lower level than legal standards. As a consequence of limitation of chemical assessment for media, biological assessment techniques for accepters which are affected by pollutants or physicochemical properties have been developed. However, it still has several weak points because it does not have the ecological relevances using the internationally standard test species which do not inhabit Korea. Besides, the assessment using just one or two species may have a possibility of overestimation or underestimation because a certain species can be extremely sensitive or insensitive to a certain chemical or physicochemical property. Therefore, we used four kinds of indigenous aquatic invertebrates to assess the local stream quality and integrated their responses into a new index which ranges from 0(bad) to 1(good). We assessed four streams throughout Ansan and one stream in Gapyeong, and index values of two streams near residential and industrial area in Ansan were under 0.9 and the others were over 0.9.