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홍성훈 ( Sung Hoon Hong ),박선우 ( Sunwoo Park ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.2
In casual speech of Korean, words are often reduced to shorter forms by reducing one or more syllables from the original words. This word reduction comes in three types: simple deletion of one or more syllables from the source word, reduction motivated by hiatus avoidance, and reduction created by deletion of subsyllabic segment(s) with subsequent resyllabification. The third type, which we call "subsyllabic reduction (SSR)," is particularly interesting because it is not clear what motivates this specific deletion of segment strings and the subsequent phonological restructuring. This paper examines the issues surrounding SSR from the perspective of information theory (Shannon 1948) and proposes that SSR occurs to improve string well-formedness and collocational strength between segments, which are measured respectively by information-theoretic notions of ``positive logarithm`` (plog; Goldsmith 2002, 2011) and ``mutual information``. To elaborate this proposal, we compiled a list of reduced words created by SSR and examined how plog and mutual information vary with SSR. We obtained a partially positive result: Among the five types of SSR, the values of plog and mutual information change as we expected in three types, which account for 270 out of 309 cases of SSR. We suggested a tentative explanation for the remaining cases based on reverse derivation and word-edge effect. (Aitchison 2011). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies · Keimyung University)
Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu
Sung-Hoon Hong 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.2
Hong, Sung-Hoon. 2002. Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.2. 323-350. This paper addresses some important issues raised by A TR harmony in Classical Manchu, formerly treated as front/back harmony. Here, the front high vowel [i] is totally inactive with respect to the harmony: it is transparent to the harmony, and further, it does not initiate the harmony. I will show that these properties of [i] will be properly explained if we allow underspecified [i] as an option for inputs and output candidate forms. Allowing underspecified [i] in fact accords more with basic notions of Optimality Theory (OT) such as Freedom of Analysis and Richness of the Base than the analyses that do not tolerate this possibility. I will further show that once we allow underspecified [i], its selection in output candidate forms or in input forms is totally governed by OT principles such as constraint interaction and Lexicon Optimization, respectively. (Hansung University)
Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective
Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1
Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)
Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
Hong, Jin Pyo,Park, Subin,Wang, Hee-Ryung,Chang, Sung Man,Sohn, Jee Hoon,Jeon, Hong Jin,Lee, Hae Woo,Cho, Seong-Jin,Kim, Byung-Soo,Bae, Jae Nam,Cho, Maeng Je Springer International 2012 Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology Vol.47 No.12
<P>We examined the prevalence, correlates, comorbidities, and suicidal tendencies of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) according to the DSM-IV criteria in a nationwide sample of Korean women.</P>
( Sung Hoon Lee ),( Jin Young Lee ),( Il Hong Bae ),( Jun Cheol Cho ),( Hae Kwang Lee ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The skin epidermal barrier protects the body against excessive water loss and the invasion of harmful substances, including chemicals and microbes. Skin barrier can be damaged by several external stimuli such as UV irradiation, humidity and temperature. The destruction of skin barrier is associated with cosmetic problem and skin diseases. Skin equivalent model has epidermal layer and stratum corneum, therefore, it can be used for skin barrier function study that is difficult to test in mono-layer culture system. In order to assess the influence of skin barrier against UV irradiation and low humidity, we employed a skin equivalent model (AmoReSkinTM). UVB irradiation induced a destruction of tight junction (TJ) components in skin equivalents. TJ permeability barrier was disrupted by UVB irradiation. Based on the fact that bicationic minerals such as calcium and magnesium are known to protect the skin barrier, we examined the efficacy of mineral water in this regard. The results of TJ permeability assay showed that mineral water helped to maintain the TJ permeability barrier after the application of UVB-irradiation to skin equivalents. To investigate the function of environmental humidity, skin equivalents were incubated at different humidity conditions. Skin equivalents were incubated at normal 80% RH and low 60% RH for 4 days. Unlike the skin equivalents incubated at 80% RH, skin equivalents could not grow normally at 60% RH. Mineral water protects the skin equivalent cultured at low humidity. In skin equivalents, UV irradiation and low humidity influenced the skin barrier. And the protective effect of mineral water was identified. Further study to elucidate the protective mechanism and correlation between human skin and skin equivalents can be beneficial to understand skin barrier.
Sung Hoon Koh,박일우,Jin Soo Kim,Dong Chul Lee,Si Young Roh,Kyung Jin Lee,Min Ki Hong 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1
Background Fingertip injuries are very common; however, the reconstruction of volar pulp defects with nail bed defects is challenging in the absence of the amputated segment. We reconstructed fingertip amputations with nail bed defects using a new surgical approach: a subcutaneous flap and composite graft. Methods We treated 10 fingertip amputation patients without an amputated segment, with exposed distal phalangeal bone and full-thickness nail bed defects between February 2018 and December 2020. All patients underwent two-stage surgery: in the first stage, a subcutaneous flap was performed to cover the exposed distal phalanx, and in the second stage, a composite graft, consisting of nail bed, hyponychium, and volar pulp skin, was applied over the subcutaneous flap. Results All flaps survived and all composite grafts were successful. The wounds healed without any significant complications, including the donor site. The average follow-up duration was 11.2 months (range, 3–27 months). The new nail and the shape of the volar pulp were evaluated during follow-up. All patients were satisfied with their natural fingertip shapes and the new nails did not have any serious deformities. Conclusions A subcutaneous flap in combination with a composite graft fitting the shape of the defect could be another option for fingertip injuries without amputated segments.