Neue Aufgaben des strategischen Personalmanagements

Ridder, Hans-Gerd 한독경상학회 2004 經商論叢 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 인적자원관리의 각 기능들이 기업의 변화에 초점을 두어야 하는 그 필연성을 제시하였다. 최적의 인적자원관리를 실현하기 위한 보편적이고 모방 가능한 일반적인 규칙이 존재하지 않기 때문에, 인적자원관리는 기업의 전략적 선택에 역점을 두고 실행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기업의 전략적 선택 과정을 다음의 세 단계로 구분하여 기술하였다. 첫째, 자원기반관점에 따르면 기업의 인적자원관리는 가치 있는 인적자원을 조기에 식별하여 이를 획득하고 개발하는 과정을 통하여 기업의 경쟁우위를 획득하고 유지한다. 두 번째 단계에서 인적 자원관리는 기업의 전략적 목표에 초점을 두게 되며, 마지막으로 인적자원관리부서는 인력 및 조직개발의 과정을 통해 기업의 변화를 뒷받침한다. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt die Notwendigkeit, personalwirtschaftliche Funktionen sta¨rker auf den Wandel von Unternehmen auszurichten. Da es keine universellen and kopierbaren Regeln fur ein optimales Personalmanagement gibt, mu¨ssen Personalabteilungen lernen, sich sta¨rker an den strategischen Optionen des Unternehmens zu orientieren. Der Beitrag beschreibt dies in drel Schritten. In einer Ressourcenorientierung werden die personalwirtschaftlichen Instrumente darauf ausgerichtet, durch fru¨hzeitige Identifikation, Beschaffung and Entwicklung von wertvollen Humanressourcen den Wettbewerbsvorteil von Unternehmen zu begru¨nden and aufrecht zu erhalten. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die personalwirtschaftlichen Instrumente eng auf die strategischen Ziele des Unternehmens ausgerichtet. Schlieβlich unterstu¨tzt die Personalabteilung den Wandel durch Prozesse der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung.

Visible-Light-Induced Oxidation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) Thin Films on ZnO Surfaces under Humid Conditions: Study of Light Wavelength Dependence

Kim, Dae Han,Seo, Hyun Ook,Han, Sang Wook,Park, Eun Ji,Jeong, Myung-Geun,Kim, Kwang-Dae,Gantefoer, Gerd,Kim, Young Dok American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.36

<P>The oxidation behaviors of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) thin films (similar to 60 nm thickness)/ZnO irradiated with three different wavelengths of visible light (blue, green, and red) in a humid atmosphere were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The formation of sulfoxide states upon visible light irradiation was observed in the S 2p core-level XPS spectra, and more importantly, this oxidation became pronounced with decreasing wavelength of incident light. Photo-oxidation of P3HT films also resulted in a reduction in optical absorption. In contrast to the XPS results, changes in the UV-vis absorption spectrum were rather insensitive to the wavelength of incident visible light. The wavelength dependency of the photo-oxidation of P3HT films seen in the XPS spectra is attributed to the more pronounced photoinduced oxidation of locally disordered thiophene rings on the surfaces of P3HT films under irradiation with shorter-wavelength visible light. The population of local-disordered sites that increases the optical transition gap compared to that of the well-ordered bulk P3HT film decreases from the top surface to the interior of P3HT films due to stronger interchain interactions in the interior portion of the films. Therefore, changes in the optical absorbance seen in the UV-vis absorption spectra of the entire P3HT film upon photoinduced oxidation are less sensitive to the wavelength of incident light in the visible regime.</P>

Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging of intracellular chloride in cockroach salivary glands

Hille, Carsten,Lahn, Mattes,Lohmannsroben, Hans-Gerd,Dosche, Carsten Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.3

Although chloride plays an important role in many cellular processes, there is a lack of data about intracellular chloride concentrations $[Cl^-]_i$, particularly due to technical problems. To overcome that, in this study fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in the time-domain by using time-correlated single-photon counting was combined with two-photon excitation (2P-FLIM). This 2P-FLIM setup has been successfully used with the $Cl^-$-sensitive fluorescent dye N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxy-quinolinium bromide (MQAE) in order to measure $[Cl^-]_i$ in cockroach salivary glands, a well-established model system for studying epithelial ion transport processes. MQAE was well suitable for two-photon excitation, when loaded into cells, and displayed a sufficient dynamic range of its fluorescence decay time changes in response to variation of $[Cl^-]_i$ according to the Stern-Volmer relationship. On this basis a uniform $[Cl^-]_i$ in the range of 42.80 mM with a mean value of $59\;mM{\pm}1\;mM$ was found in resting cockroach salivary ducts, indicating active $Cl^-$ accumulation. However, exposure to $Cl^-$-free saline caused only a moderate $[Cl^-]_i$ drop to $48\;mM{\pm}4\;mM$, suggesting a relatively low basolateral $Cl^-$ permeability in ducts, at least under resting conditions. Additionally, bath application of the biogenic amine dopamine, known to stimulate the saliva modification in the ducts, caused no significant $[Cl^-]_i$ changes. These results suggest a more complex scenario of $[Cl^-]_i$ homeostasis in cockroach salivary ducts. In conclusion, 2P-FLIM seems to be a suitable technique for quantitative $[Cl^-]_i$ measurements in many biological systems.

Modeling and Control of Exhaust Recompression HCCI: Split Fuel Injection for Cylinder-Individual Combustion Control

Ravi, N.,Hsien-Hsin Liao,Jungkunz, A. F.,Han Ho Song,Gerdes, J. C. IEEE 2012 IEEE control systems magazine Vol.32 No.4

<P>The 21st century has brought with it a strong push in the automotive industry to develop energy technologies that can better address the global challenges posed by the depletion of finite fossil fuel resources and the pollution caused by using these fossil fuels as an energy resource. The two key words dominating automotive powertrain research today, therefore, are efficiency and emissions-There is a strong push for cars that burn less fuel and emit fewer pollutants. Some of the technologies in the spotlight include fuel cells, batteries, hybrid powertrains, and advanced IC engine strategies. Though fuel cells and battery technologies are very promising in the long-term future, they are currently more expensive and less practical than hybrid and advanced combustion engine strategies and are expected to remain so in the near future. In addition, technological advances that have made electronic control systems ubiquitous in todays automobiles have enabled combustion strategies that would not have been possible even a decade ago. One such advanced engine strategy that presents significant opportunities for reduced emissions and higher efficiencies is homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI).</P>

Single-Source-Precursor Synthesis of Hafnium-Containing Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramic Nanocomposites (UHTC-NCs)

Yuan, Jia,Hapis, Stefania,Breitzke, Hergen,Xu, Yeping,Fasel, Claudia,Kleebe, Hans-Joachim,Buntkowsky, Gerd,Riedel, Ralf,Ionescu, Emanuel American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic chemistry Vol.53 No.19

<P>Amorphous SiHfBCN ceramics were prepared from a commercial polysilazane (HTT 1800, AZ-EM), which was modified upon reactions with Hf(NEt<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> and BH<SUB>3</SUB>·SMe<SUB>2</SUB>, and subsequently cross-linked and pyrolyzed. The prepared materials were investigated with respect to their chemical and phase composition, by means of spectroscopy techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR)), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Annealing experiments of the SiHfBCN samples in an inert gas atmosphere (Ar, N<SUB>2</SUB>) at temperatures in the range of 1300–1700 °C showed the conversion of the amorphous materials into nanostructured UHTC-NCs. Depending on the annealing atmosphere, HfC/HfB<SUB>2</SUB>/SiC (annealing in argon) and HfN/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>/SiBCN (annealing in nitrogen) nanocomposites were obtained. The results emphasize that the conversion of the single-phase SiHfBCN into UHTC-NCs is thermodynamically controlled, thus allowing for a knowledge-based preparative path toward nanostructured ultrahigh-temperature stable materials with adjusted compositions.</P><P>Amorphous SiHfBCN ceramics were prepared from a suitable single-source precursor. Annealing experiments of the SiHfBCN samples in an inert gas atmosphere at temperatures of 1300−1700 °C led to their conversion nanostructured UHTC-NCs, such as HfC/HfB<SUB>2</SUB>/SiC nanocomposites (in argon) and HfN/Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>/SiBCN nanocomposites (in nitrogen), thus revealing a convenient preparative approach to nanostructured ultrahigh-temperature stable materials starting from a greatly flexible single-source precursor.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-19/ic501512p/production/images/medium/ic-2014-01512p_0016.gif'></P>