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Chae, H.S.,Singh, N.K.,Ahn, C.N.,Yoo, Y.M.,Jeong, S.G.,Ham, J.S.,Kim, D.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11
The objective of this research was to provide the characterization and method for producing anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies in egg-laying hens and to determine if the antibody can restrain the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. Selected antigenic fractions (whole cell, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from E. coli O157:H7 were injected to hens in order to produce anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies. The immune response and the egg yolk antibodies of laying hens against the whole cell, outer membrane protein and LPS antigens were monitored by ELISA. The level of antibodies against whole cell antigen monitored through ELISA sharply increased after the initial immunization, and it was found to be maximum on day 49 however, the level was maintained up to day 70. Antibodies (5 mg/ml) directed against the whole cell inhibited E. coli proliferation 10-13 times more than outer membrane protein or LPS. The antibody response against the whole cell antigens appeared to have higher activity in restraining the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 than antibody against outer membrane protein or LPS. Results reflected that increasing the IgY's in the egg yolk could prevent greater economic losses due to human and animal health from pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli O157:H7.
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A sensitive fluorescent probe for the polar solvation dynamics at protein-surfactant interfaces
Singh, P.,Choudhury, S.,Singha, S.,Jun, Y.,Chakraborty, S.,Sengupta, J.,Das, R.,Ahn, K. H.,Pal, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.19 No.19
<P>Relaxation dynamics at the surface of biologically important macromolecules is important taking into account their functionality in molecular recognition. Over the years it has been shown that the solvation dynamics of a fluorescent probe at biomolecular surfaces and interfaces account for the relaxation dynamics of polar residues and associated water molecules. However, the sensitivity of the dynamics depends largely on the localization and exposure of the probe. For noncovalent fluorescent probes, localization at the region of interest in addition to surface exposure is an added challenge compared to the covalently attached probes at the biological interfaces. Here we have used a synthesized donor-acceptor type dipolar fluorophore, 6-acetyl-(2-((4-hydroxycyclohexyl)(methyl) amino) naphthalene) (ACYMAN), for the investigation of the solvation dynamics of a model protein-surfactant interface. A significant structural rearrangement of a model histone protein (H1) upon interaction with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as revealed from the circular dichroism (CD) studies is nicely corroborated in the solvation dynamics of the probe at the interface. The polarization gated fluorescence anisotropy of the probe compared to that at the SDS micellar surface clearly reveals the localization of the probe at the protein-surfactant interface. We have also compared the sensitivity of ACYMAN with other solvation probes including coumarin 500 (C500) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylamino-styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). In comparison to ACYMAN, both C500 and DCM fail to probe the interfacial solvation dynamics of a model protein-surfactant interface. While C500 is found to be delocalized from the protein-surfactant interface, DCM becomes destabilized upon the formation of the interface (protein-surfactant complex). The timescales obtained from this novel probe have also been compared with other femtosecond resolved studies and molecular dynamics simulations.</P>
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Singh, B.,Bhardwaj, A.,Gautam, S. K.,Parkash, O.,Kumar, D.,Jadhav, H. S.,Song, S. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 IONICS -KIEL- Vol.23 No.7
<P>MnO-doped TiP2O7 (Ti1-x Mn (x) P2O7; x = 0-0.2) were synthesized by digesting oxide precursors with H3PO4 in a two-step synthesis method. Various compositions of Ti1-x Mn (x) P2O7 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD of 1050 A degrees C sintered samples showed the formation of (TiO)P2O7 in ae15 mol% MnO-doped samples. SEM images of 1050 A degrees C sintered Ti1-x Mn (x) P2O7 samples showed that MnO acts as a sintering aid, with the higher amount of MnO leading to a better densification. It was observed that the ionic conductivities of MnO-doped sintered samples were higher than that of undoped TiP2O7 (TiP) sample. The increase in ionic conductivity of MnO-doped TiP2O7 can be attributed to MnO acting as an acceptor dopant, and increased densification of the MnO-doped samples. In unhumidified air, among various MnO-doped samples, Ti0.9Mn0.1P2O7 (TMP10) showed the highest ionic conductivity with a magnitude of 6.29 x 10(-8) S cm(-1) at 250 A degrees C and 1.33 x 10(-5) S cm(-1) at 500 A degrees C. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity of TMP10 was higher than that of Ti0.88Mn0.12P2O7 (TMP12), which could be attributed to the formation of defect pairs in TMP12. The ionic conductivity of TMP10 showed > 4 orders of magnitude increase in humidified air (pH(2)O = 0.12 atm) in 100-270 A degrees C range with a maximum of 6.55 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 180 A degrees C. In addition, comparison with the literature data showed that the ionic conductivity of TMP10 was higher than those observed for the high-temperature sintered TiP2O7 samples.</P>
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Synthesis, magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of Cr doped lithium ferrite nanoparticles
Srivastava, M.,Layek, S.,Singh, J.,Das, A.K.,Verma, H.C.,Ojha, A.K.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.591 No.-
Lithium-based ferrites are promising and potential magnetic materials for microwave applications. They possess a spinel (AB<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) type crystal structure, where the distributions of metal cations over the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) voids play a crucial role for exhibiting different physical properties. Among various parameter of synthesis, pH is an important factor that influences the cation distribution over A and B voids, overall growth of the nanoparticles and different physical properties. In the present work single phase Cr substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel method at different pH. The phase identification and crystallite size have been probed by X-ray diffraction studies. The crystallite size changes by 44.2-48.8nm upon varying the pH from 3.5 to 11.5. In order to investigate the cations distribution at A/B sites, Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements were done. The values of magnetic hyperfine field obtained from the Mossbauer data for the A and B sites are ~49.5T and 51T, respectively. Moreover, it is observed that the area ratio of B site to A site increases with increasing the pH. This observation further suggests that the B site is more preferable for Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cations at higher pH than the A site. The magnetic parameter such as saturation magnetization (M<SUB>s</SUB>), remanent magnetization (M<SUB>r</SUB>), coercive field (H<SUB>C</SUB>) and squareness (S) are determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, which show a consistent increase with increasing pH. The reason for the variation in magnetic properties has been explained on the basis of increased Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cation occupancies at the B site and size effect, which is well supported by Mossbauer spectroscopic and XRD studies.
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Haryanto,Singh, D.,Han, S.S.,Son, J.H.,Kim, S.C. Elsevier 2015 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.46 No.-
The cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) dicarboxylate (PEGDC)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA)/(PEO) hydrogels were developed for possible biomedical applications such as an anti-adhesion barrier. Various contents of PEGDC/PEO film were irradiated using an electron beam with various beam intensities in order to obtain various degrees of crosslinked hydrogels. The optimum dose (300kGy) and total crosslinker content of 10% were used to prepare crosslinked hydrogel films with three different compositions (10% PEGDC, 10% PEGDMA, 5% PEGDC-5% PEGDMA). Among them, 10% PEGDC hydrogel film exhibited the highest elongation at break (69.33+/-6.87%) with high mechanical strength. 10% PEGDC hydrogel film showed the lowest hemolysis activity (6.03+/-0.01%) and the highest tissue adherence (75.67+/-1.15cN). The result also indicated that the carboxyl groups in PEGDC affect the tissue adherence of hydrogel films via H-bonding interactions. In animal studies, 10% PEGDC anti-adhesion hydrogel film degraded within 3weeks and demonstrated better anti-adhesive effect compared to Guardix-SG®.
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Multi-Secondary Transformer: A Modeling Technique for Simulation - II
Patel, A.,Singh, N.P.,Gupta, L.N.,Raval, B.,Oza, K.,Thakar, A.,Parmar, D.,Dhola, H.,Dave, R.,Gupta, V.,Gajjar, S.,Patel, P.J.,Baruah, U.K. Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2014 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.3 No.1
Power Transformers with more than one secondary winding are not uncommon in industrial applications. But new classes of applications where very large number of independent secondaries are used are becoming popular in controlled converters for medium and high voltage applications. Cascade H-bridge medium voltage drives and Pulse Step Modulation (PSM) based high voltage power supplies are such applications. Regulated high voltage power supplies (Fig. 1) with 35-100 kV, 5-10 MW output range with very fast dynamics (${\mu}S$ order) uses such transformers. Such power supplies are widely used in fusion research. Here series connection of isolated voltage sources with conventional switching semiconductor devices is achieved by large number of separate transformers or by single unit of multi-secondary transformer. Naturally, a transformer having numbers of secondary windings (~40) on single core is the preferred solution due to space and cost considerations. For design and simulation analysis of such a power supply, the model of a multi-secondary transformer poses special problem to any circuit analysis software as many simulation softwares provide transformer models with limited number (3-6) of secondary windings. Multi-Secondary transformer models with 3 different schemes are available. A comparison of test results from a practical Multi-secondary transformer with a simulation model using magnetic component is found to describe the behavior closer to observed test results. Earlier models assumed magnetising inductance in a linear loss less core model although in actual it is saturable core made-up of CRGO steel laminations. This article discusses a more detailed representation of flux coupled magnetic model with saturable core properties to simulate actual transformers very close to its observed parameters in test and actual usage.
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Dubey, Pawan K.,Tripathi, Vrajesh,Singh, Ram Pratap,Sastry, K.V.H.,Sharma, G.Taru Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.9
Objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor on steroid synthesis, growth and apoptosis of buffalo granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro. Follicular fluid of antral follicles (3-5 mm diameter) was aspirated and GCs were cultured in 0 (control), $10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-9}\;M$ of SNP for 48 h. To evaluate whether this effect was reversible, GCs were cultured in presence of $10^{-5}\;M$ SNP+1.0 mM $N^{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor or hemoglobin (Hb, $1.0{\mu}g$) as NO scavenger. Nitrate/nitrite concentration was evaluated by Griess method, progesterone and estradiol concentrations by RIA and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. SNP ($10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-7}\;M$) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited estradiol and progesterone synthesis, growth, disorganized GCs aggregates and induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. However, $10^{-9}\;M$ SNP induced the progesterone synthesis and stimulated GCs to develop into a uniform monolayer. Combination of SNP $10^{-5}$ M+L-NAME strengthened the inhibitory effect while, SNP+Hb together reversed these inhibitory effects. In conclusion, SNP at greater concentrations ($10^{-3}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-7}\;M$) has a cytotoxic effect and it may lead to cell death whereas, at a lower concentration ($10^{-9}\;M$) induced progesterone synthesis and growth of GCs. These findings have important implications that NOS derived NO are involved at physiological level during growth and development of buffalo GCs which regulates the steroidogenesis, growth and apoptosis.
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Singh, N.K.,Chae, H.S.,Hwang, I.H.,Yoo, Y.M.,Ahn, C.N.,Lee, H.J.,Park, H.J.,Chung, H.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.3
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.
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