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Olivera-Botello, Gustavo,Coudeville, Laurent,Fanouillere, Karen,Guy, Bruno,Chambonneau, Laurent,Noriega, Fernando,Jackson, Nicholas Oxford University Press 2016 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.214 No.7
<P><B><I>Background.</I></B> Asymptomatic dengue virus–infected individuals are thought to play a major role in dengue virus transmission. The efficacy of the recently approved quadrivalent CYD-TDV dengue vaccine against asymptomatic dengue virus infection has not been previously assessed.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> We pooled data for 3 736 individuals who received either CYD-TDV or placebo at 0, 6, and 12 months in the immunogenicity subsets of 2 phase 3 trials (clinical trials registration NCT01373281 and NCT01374516). We defined a seroconversion algorithm (ie, a ≥4-fold increase in the neutralizing antibody titer and a titer of ≥40 from month 13 to month 25) as a surrogate marker of asymptomatic infection in the vaccine and placebo groups.</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> The algorithm detected seroconversion in 94% of individuals with a diagnosis of virologically confirmed dengue between months 13 and 25, validating its discriminatory power. Among those without virologically confirmed dengue (n = 3 669), 219 of 2 485 in the vaccine group and 157 of 1 184 in the placebo group seroconverted between months 13 and 25, giving a vaccine efficacy of 33.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9%–46.1%) against asymptomatic infection. Vaccine efficacy was marginally higher in subjects aged 9–16 years (38.6%; 95% CI, 22.1%–51.5%). The annual incidence of asymptomatic dengue virus infection in this age group was 14.8%, which was 4.4 times higher than the incidence for symptomatic dengue (3.4%).</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> The observed vaccine efficacy against asymptomatic dengue virus infections is expected to translate into reduced dengue virus transmission if sufficient individuals are vaccinated in dengue-endemic areas.</P>
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Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on the NRK52E renal cell line
Xavier Valentini,Lara Absil,Guy Laurent,Alexandre Robbe,Sophie Laurent,Robert Muller,Alexandre Legrand,Denis Nonclercq 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2017 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.13 No.4
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in industry to produce a number of products (cosmetics, paints, foods). TiO2 nanoparticles form aggregates and their toxicity varies in function of their size. In this study, aggregate sizes were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stability of the suspension was evaluated by turbidimetry and the size by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). In the present study the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated in vitro on rat kidney proximal tubular cells(NRK-52E). Cells were exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles (20 μg/mL) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. TiO2 nanoparticles induce the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS). The relative number of mitosis decreased, while an increase of apoptotic cells was noted. The number of S-phase cells evidenced by BrdU immunoreactivity in cultures was significantly reduced by the exposure to the nanoparticles. These results attest to the toxic effect of the TiO2 nanoparticles on NRK-52E cells.
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