http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Gren, Tetiana (검색결과 4 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
Can Labor Market Imperfections Cause Overprovision of Public Inputs?
( Diego Martinez ),( Tomas Sjo Gren ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2013 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.18 No.2
This paper concerns provision of productive public inputs in the presence of unemployment. It is shown that if the government is able to implement optimal taxes on labor income and profit income, respectively, then the public input will be underprovided. On the other hand, if the government is not able to implement an optimal tax on labor income, e.g. because the labor income tax is determined at another level in the public sector (e.g. the municipal or the state level), then overprovision may occur. We derive an equation which links overprovision of the public input to (i) the employment rate and to (ii) the deviation of the actual labor income tax from the optimal level.
-
Highly efficient DSB-free base editing for streptomycetes with CRISPR-BEST
Tong, Yaojun,Whitford, Christopher M.,Robertsen, Helene L.,Blin, Kai,Jørgensen, Tue S.,Klitgaard, Andreas K.,Gren, Tetiana,Jiang, Xinglin,Weber, Tilmann,Lee, Sang Yup National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.41
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Although CRISPR-Cas9 tools dramatically simplified the genetic manipulation of actinomycetes, significant concerns of genome instability caused by the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and common off-target effects remain. To address these concerns, we developed CRISPR-BEST, a DSB-free and high-fidelity single-nucleotide–resolution base editing system for streptomycetes and validated its use by determining editing properties and genome-wide off-target effects. Furthermore, our CRISPR-BEST toolkit supports Csy4-based multiplexing to target multiple genes of interest in parallel. We believe that our CRISPR-BEST approach is a significant improvement over existing genetic manipulation methods to engineer streptomycetes, especially for those strains that cannot be genome-edited using normal DSB-based genome editing systems, such as CRISPR-Cas9.</P><P>Streptomycetes serve as major producers of various pharmacologically and industrially important natural products. Although CRISPR-Cas9 systems have been developed for more robust genetic manipulations, concerns of genome instability caused by the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the toxicity of Cas9 remain. To overcome these limitations, here we report development of the DSB-free, single-nucleotide–resolution genome editing system CRISPR-BEST (CRISPR-Base Editing SysTem), which comprises a cytidine (CRISPR-cBEST) and an adenosine (CRISPR-aBEST) deaminase-based base editor. Specifically targeted by an sgRNA, CRISPR-cBEST can efficiently convert a C:G base pair to a T:A base pair and CRISPR-aBEST can convert an A:T base pair to a G:C base pair within a window of approximately 7 and 6 nucleotides, respectively. CRISPR-BEST was validated and successfully used in different <I>Streptomyces</I> species. Particularly in nonmodel actinomycete <I>Streptomyces collinus</I> Tu¨365, CRISPR-cBEST efficiently inactivated the 2 copies of <I>kirN</I> gene that are in the duplicated kirromycin biosynthetic pathways simultaneously by STOP codon introduction. Generating such a knockout mutant repeatedly failed using the conventional DSB-based CRISPR-Cas9. An unbiased, genome-wide off-target evaluation indicates the high fidelity and applicability of CRISPR-BEST. Furthermore, the system supports multiplexed editing with a single plasmid by providing a Csy4-based sgRNA processing machinery. To simplify the protospacer identification process, we also updated the CRISPy-web (https://crispy.secondarymetabolites.org), and now it allows designing sgRNAs specifically for CRISPR-BEST applications.</P>
-
Stable polyoxometalate insertion within the mesoporous metal organic framework MIL-100(Fe)
Canioni, Romain,Roch-Marchal, Catherine,Sé,cheresse, Francis,Horcajada, Patricia,Serre, Christian,Hardi-Dan, Menaschi,Fé,rey, Gé,rard,Grenè,che, Jean-Marc,Lefebvre, Fré,d Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.4
<P>Successful encapsulation of polyoxometalate (POM) within the framework of a mesoporous iron trimesate MIL-100(Fe) sample has been achieved by direct hydrothermal synthesis in the absence of fluorine. XRPD, <SUP>31</SUP>P MAS NMR, IR, EELS, TEM and <SUP>57</SUP>Fe Mössbauer spectrometry corroborate the insertion of POM within the cavities of the MOF. The experimental Mo/Fe ratio is 0.95, in agreement with the maximum theoretical amount of POM loaded within the pores of MIL-100(Fe), based on steric hindrance considerations. The POM-MIL-100(Fe) sample exhibits a pore volume of 0.373 cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP> and a BET surface area close to 1000 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, indicating that small gas molecules can easily diffuse inside the cavities despite the presence of heavy phosphomolybdates. These latter contribute to the decrease in the overall surface area, due to the increase in molar weight, by 65%. Moreover, the resulting Keggin containing MIL-100(Fe) solid is stable in aqueous solution with no POM leaching even after more than 2 months. In addition, no exchange of the Keggin anions by tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in organic media has been observed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Keggin 12-phosphomolybdates were encapsulated into mesoporous iron trimesate MIL-100(Fe) by direct synthesis, maintaining gas accessibility and avoiding POM leaching. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm02381g'> </P>
-
Shimin Gao,Qizhao Li,Glib Baryshnikov,Hans Ågren,Yongshu Xie 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.12
In this work, a novel compound 2-(3,5,6-trichloro-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-neo-fused hexaphyrin has been prepared from tetrachloroquinone and neo-fused hexaphyrin through a substitution reaction. The chemical structure of the compound has been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrum, UV?Vis spectrum, and X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure reveals that the quinonyl unit is almost coplanar with the adjacent N-confused pyrrole unit. Because of the cooperative effect of extended conjugation and the intramolecular charge transfer effect related to the strong electron-withdrawing character of the quinonyl unit, the absorption of 2 is dramatically extended to ca. 1280?nm.
KCI
KISS연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
