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      • Metallic Layered Polyester Fabric Enabled Nickel Selenide Nanostructures as Highly Conductive and Binderless Electrode with Superior Energy Storage Performance

        Nagaraju, Goli,Cha, Sung Min,Sekhar, S. Chandra,Yu, Jae Su Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley Sons) 2017 Advanced energy materials Vol.7 No.4

        <P>Highly flexible and conductive fabric (CF)-supported cauliflower-like nickel selenide nanostructures (Ni3Se2 NSs) are facilely synthesized by a singlestep chronoamperometry voltage-assisted electrochemical deposition (ECD) method and used as a positive electrode in supercapacitors (SCs). The CF substrate composed of multi-layered metallic films on the surface of polyester fibers enables to provide high electrical conductivity as a working electrode in ECD process. Owing to good electrical conductivity, high porosity and intertwined fibrous framework of CF, cauliflower-like Ni3Se2 NSs are densely integrated onto the entire surface of CF (Ni3Se2 NSs@CF) substrate with reliable adhesion by applying a chronoamperometry voltage of -1.0 V for 240 s. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized cauliflower-like Ni3Se2 NSs@CF electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity (CSC) of 119.6 mA h g(-1) at a discharge current density of 2 A g(-1) in aqueous 1 m KOH electrolyte solution. Remarkably, the specific capacity of the same electrode is greatly enhanced by introducing a small quantity of redox-additive electrolyte into the aqueous KOH solution, indicating the CSC approximate to 251.82 mA h g(-1) at 2 A g(-1) with good capacity retention. Furthermore, the assembled textile-based asymmetric SCs achieve remarkable electrochemical performance such as higher energy and power densities, which are able to light up different colored lightemitting diodes.</P>

      • KCI우수등재

        Facile Fabrication and Characterization of In₂O₃ Nanorods on Carbon Fibers

        Goli Nagaraju,Yeong Hwan Ko,Jae Su Yu 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.4

        Indium oxide (In₂O₃) nanorods (NRs) which can be expected to increase the device performance in various electronic and electrochemical applications were prepared on carbon fibers via an electrochemical deposition (ED) method. During the ED, the indium hydroxide (In(OH)₃) NRs were well grown and firmly attached onto the carbon fibers. After that, they were changed into In₂O₃ by dehydration through a thermal annealing. The morphological and structural properties were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscope images. The crystallinity of as-prepared sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The Fourier transform infrared results confirm that the functional groups are present in the In₂O₃ NRs. This facile process of metal oxide nanostructures on carbon fiber can be utilized for flexible electronic and energy related applications.

      • Tricobalt tetroxide nanoplate arrays on flexible conductive fabric substrate: Facile synthesis and application for electrochemical supercapacitors

        Nagaraju, Goli,Ko, Yeong Hwan,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.283 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tricobalt tetroxide (Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) nanoplate arrays (NPAs) were synthesized on flexible conductive fabric substrate (FCFs) by a facile two-electrode system based electrochemical deposition method, followed by a simple heat treatment process. Initially, cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>) NPAs were electrochemically deposited on FCFs by applying an external voltage of −1.5 V for 30 min. Then, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs on FCFs was obtained by thermal treatment of as-deposited Co(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> NPAs on FCFs at 200 °C for 2 h. From the analysis of morphological and crystal properties, the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs were well integrated and uniformly covered over the entire surface of substrate with good crystallinity in the cubic phase. Additionally, the fabricated sample was directly used as a binder-free electrode to examine the feasibility for electrochemical supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge measurements in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs coated FCFs electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 145.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and an excellent rate capability after 1000 cycles at a current density of 3 A/g. This facile fabrication method for integrating the Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructures on FCFs could be a promising approach for advanced flexible electronic and energy-storage device applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoplate arrays (NPAs) were fabricated on flexible conductive fabric substrate (FCFs). </LI> <LI> The Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs were uniformly entrapped on FCFs with good adhesion. </LI> <LI> Optimized growth of Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> NPAs on FCFs leads to a superior electrochemical performance in supercacpitors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • KCI우수등재

        Facile Fabrication and Characterization of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanorods on Carbon Fibers

        Nagaraju, Goli,Ko, Yeong Hwan,Yu, Jae Su The Korean Vacuum Society 2014 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.23 No.4

        Indium oxide ($In_2O_3$) nanorods (NRs) which can be expected to increase the device performance in various electronic and electrochemical applications were prepared on carbon fibers via an electrochemical deposition (ED) method. During the ED, the indium hydroxide ($In(OH)_3$) NRs were well grown and firmly attached onto the carbon fibers. After that, they were changed into $In_2O_3$ by dehydration through a thermal annealing. The morphological and structural properties were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscope images. The crystallinity of as-prepared sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. The Fourier transform infrared results confirm that the functional groups are present in the $In_2O_3$ NRs. This facile process of metal oxide nanostructures on carbon fiber can be utilized for flexible electronic and energy related applications.

      • Wearable Fabrics with Self-Branched Bimetallic Layered Double Hydroxide Coaxial Nanostructures for Hybrid Supercapacitors

        Nagaraju, Goli,Chandra Sekhar, S.,Krishna Bharat, L.,Yu, Jae Su American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.11

        <P>We report a flexible battery-type electrode based on binder-free nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets adhered to nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide nanoflake arrays on nickel fabric (NC LDH NFAs@NSs/Ni fabric) using facile and eco-friendly synthesis methods. Herein, we utilized discarded polyester fabric as a cost-effective substrate for <I>in situ</I> electroless deposition of Ni, which exhibited good flexibility, light weight, and high conductivity. Subsequently, the vertically aligned NC LDH NFAs were grown on Ni fabric by means of a hot-air oven-based method, and fluffy-like NC LDH NS branches are further decorated on NC LDH NFAs by a simple electrochemical deposition method. The as-prepared core–shell-like nanoarchitectures improve the specific surface area and electrochemical activity, which provides the ideal pathways for electrolyte diffusion and charge transportation. When the electrochemical performance was tested in 1 M KOH aqueous solution, the core–shell-like NC LDH NFAs@NSs/Ni fabric electrode liberated a maximum areal capacity of 536.96 μAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at a current density of 2 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and excellent rate capability of 78.3% at 30 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> (420.5 μAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) with a good cycling stability. Moreover, a fabric-based hybrid supercapacitor (SC) was assembled, which achieves a stable operational potential window of 1.6 V, a large areal capacitance of 1147.23 mF/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 3 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and a high energy density of 0.392 mWh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at a power density of 2.353 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Utilizing such high energy storage abilities and flexible properties, the fabricated hybrid SC operated the wearable digital watch and electric motor fan for real-time applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-11/acsnano.7b04368/production/images/medium/nn-2017-043688_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn7b04368'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Three-dimensional activated porous carbon with meso/macropore structures derived from fallen pine cone flowers: A low-cost counter electrode material in dye-sensitized solar cells

        Nagaraju, Goli,Lim, Joo Ho,Cha, Sung Min,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.693 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Honeycomb-like activated porous carbon (HPC) powder with meso/macropore structures was successfully prepared via chemical activation and pyrolysis processes under inert gas atmosphere. Herein, the naturally available pine cone flowers with abundant carbon contents were employed as a biomass to synthesize the HPC sample. The structure and morphology of the HPC powder were characterized by various physicochemical techniques. Moreover, the as-prepared HPC sample was uniformly coated on fluorine doped tin oxide glass using a smooth brush and used as a cost-effective counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Under AM1.5G illumination, the fabricated DSSCs with HPC-based CE exhibited a high short-circuit current density (J<SUB>SC</SUB>) of 13.51 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.98%, which is attributed to the high specific surface area and hierarchical porous property of the HPC sample. The obtained results were improved compared to the commercially available activated carbon-based CE in DSSCs (J<SUB>SC</SUB> = 12.11 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and PCE = 4.45%). This facile fabrication of highly porous activated carbon-based materials from the biomass can be utilized as a high-performance electrode material in DSSCs and energy storage device applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Highly porous activated carbon was prepared from pine cone flowers as a biomass source. </LI> <LI> The as-prepared sample was coated on FTO glass for counter electrode in DSSCs. </LI> <LI> The Pt-free counter electrode in DSSCs exhibited excellent solar energy conversion properties. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Designed construction of yolk–shell structured trimanganese tetraoxide nanospheres via polar solvent-assisted etching and biomass-derived activated porous carbon materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

        Nagaraju, Goli,Sekhar, S. Chandra,Rama Raju, G. Seeta,Bharat, L. Krishna,Yu, Jae Su The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.30

        <▼1><P>Yolk–shell structured Mn3O4 nanospheres and biomass-derived activated carbon materials were prepared for use in high energy storage asymmetric supercapacitors.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Recently, yolk–shell structured electrode materials have attracted increasing interest in supercapacitors (SCs) due to their high surface area, good electrochemical activity and excellent mechanical stability towards superior energy storage performance. However, the synthesis strategies to prepare such yolk–shell structured materials without using chemical surfactants/solid templates are still inferior. Herein, a facile and cost-effective strategy to design yolk–shell structured trimanganese tetraoxide nanospheres (Mn3O4 NSs) with a distinctive core–void–shell configuration to use as an efficient positive electrode material in asymmetric SCs is demonstrated. Specifically, the yolk–shell structured Mn3O4 NSs were prepared by the inclusion of water droplets to the manganese precursor–isopropyl alcohol system, which facilitates the inside-out Ostwald ripening process to construct a yolk–shell-like configuration with porous properties. In aqueous electrolyte solution, the corresponding material exhibited a high specific capacitance (211.36 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.5 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>), a good rate capability (79.4% at 10 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>) and an excellent cycling stability (92% after 2000 cycles) compared to its solid counterparts. Meanwhile, a low-cost material based on biomass-derived activated carbon with a honeycomb-like structure is also prepared using waste corrugated boxes, which exhibits a reliable electrochemical performance for use as a negative electrode material. Moreover, the fabricated asymmetric SC using both electrode materials offers a maximum potential window of 2 V with higher energy density (19.47 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and power density (2263.89 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) values, which can effectively power up commercial light-emitting diodes for practical applications.</P></▼2>

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