The politics and poetics of adaptation: Leon Forrest's "Divine Days"

Goldman, Derek Anthony Northwestern University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This study documents and critically examines the process of adapting and staging Divine Days, Leon Forrest's epic novel of African-American life, at Northwestern University in 1997 and 1998. Exploring the collaborative relationship between Goldman and Forrest over the last year of Forrest's life, the study develops a theory of adaptation as a confluence of artistic, literary, critical, ethnographic, ethical, political, and pedagogical energies. It argues that Forrest's novel contains and embodies its own emergent theory of adaptation. Part One of the study explores Leon Forrest's life and the significance of his work, and offers a critical and historical examination of the much-practiced but undertheorized area of adaptation within the discipline of performance studies. The techniques of “chamber theatre” outlined by Robert Breen are considered in relation to a range of cultural and literary theorists. Part Two focuses on how the text of <italic>Divine Days</italic> constitutes a polyphonic vision of the characteristics and uses of adaptation. It identifies and examines the signifying tropes from the black vernacular employed in the novel (storytelling and tall tales, the role of tricksters, carnival…), as well as its “adaptive rhythms,” and how these manifested in the script. Part Three focuses on the social, political and pedagogical dimensions of bringing this large-scale African-American project to the stage within an overwhelmingly white institutional apparatus. The underlying politics of casting, designing, marketing, and presenting the production are examined. This section also explores the potential of adaptation as a form of critical pedagogy, offering examples of how adaptations of critical texts and ethnographies may offer potent models for activating the issues and voices in these works. Throughout the study, adaptation is simultaneously examined in four overlapping ethnographic “sites”: within Forrest's novel, through the artistic processes of scripting and staging the performance, in the politicized cultural negotiations that surrounded the process, and in the intimate relationship between the author and adapter.

The modernist author in the age of celebrity (Ireland, Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Charlie Chaplin)

Goldman, Jonathan E Brown University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates the histories of literary modernism and early twentieth-century celebrity to demonstrate that these two supposedly separate spheres of culture are mutually constituitive. Anglo-American modernism creates a figure of the author that participates in and revises the phenomenon of celebrity. The texts that have come to define elite culture create an objectified, larger-than-life individual, a choreographer of disparate discourses and repository of encoded meaning, making this unique personality available to popular culture. Readings of both sides of the so-called great divide of high and low culture---Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Charlie Chaplin---show how the signature styles of modernism and celebrity produce similar forms of cultural value. Chapter 1 begins at the end of the Victorian era and posits Wilde as the originator of twentieth-century celebrity. Wilde's 1882 lecture tour and The Picture of Dorian Gray illustrate how he fashions an image to circulate on the market, a celebrity sign that functions like a commodity. Later, in De Profundis, Wilde rejects the visual form of celebrity yet retains its logic, replacing the image with writing as the location of the subject. Chapters 2 and 3 argue that modernist technique follows Wilde's model, using idiosyncrasies of style to produce a subject situated within the text, gaining value only through circulation. Ulysses creates an author who is both the novel's origin and the final determination of its meaning, subjugating all possible interpretation of the text to Joyce's intentions. Stein's The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas turns the celebrity name into an object, a signifier within a differential system of names, making value depend entirely on the accumulation of signs that circulate around her personality. The final chapter shows Chaplin's Modern Times re-introducing visuality to modernist methods of author production, using the celebrity image to make legible the mass audience, thus legitimating the image as iconic for an historical moment. Reading Chaplin alongside modernism reveals how the logic of celebrity creates an idealized, objectified subject that cannot be subsumed by mass culture, and ultimately shows that modernist literature is very much the literature of celebrity.

Computational implications of activity-dependent neuronal processes

Goldman, Mark Steven Harvard University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Synapses, the connections between neurons, often fail to transmit a large percentage of the action potentials that they receive. I describe several models of synaptic transmission at a single stochastic synapse with an activity-dependent probability of transmission and demonstrate how synaptic transmission failures may increase the efficiency with which a synapse transmits information. Spike trains in the visual cortex of freely viewing monkeys have positive auto correlations that are indicative of a redundant representation of the information they contain. I show how a synapse with activity-dependent transmission failures modeled after those occurring in visual cortical synapses can remove this redundancy by transmitting a decorrelated subset of the spike trains it receives. I suggest that redundancy reduction at individual synapses saves synaptic resources while increasing the sensitivity of the postsynaptic neuron to information arriving along many inputs. For a neuron receiving input from many decorrelating synapses, my analysis leads to a prediction of the number of visual inputs to a neuron and the cross-correlations between these inputs and suggests that the time scale of synaptic dynamics observed in sensory areas corresponds to a fundamental time scale for processing sensory information. Systems with activity-dependent changes in their parameters, or plasticity, often display a wide variability in their individual components that belies the stability of their function, Motivated by experiments demonstrating that identified neurons with stereotyped function can have a large variability in the densities of their ion channels, or ionic conductances, I build a conductance-based model of a single neuron. The neuron's firing activity is relatively insensitive to changes in certain combinations of conductances, but markedly sensitive to changes in other combinations. Using a combined modeling and experimental approach, I show that neuromodulators and regulatory processes target sensitive combinations of conductances. I suggest that the variability observed in conductance measurements occurs along insensitive combinations of conductances and could result from homeostatic processes that allow the neuron's conductances to drift without triggering activity-dependent feedback mechanisms. These results together suggest that plastic systems may have a high degree of flexibility and variability in their components without a loss of robustness in their response properties.

"Too good lookin' to be smart" : Beauty, performance, and the art of Hannah Wilke

Goldman, Saundra Louise University of Texas at Austin 1999 해외박사

Imperializing Hegemony: The Polis and Achaemenid Persia

Goldman, Tristan Adaon University of Washington 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

A study of the transformative effect contact with the empire of Achaemenid Persia had on the history of late Archaic and Classical Greece, with particular emphasis on shifts in the nature of interstate relations among the Greek city-states. Attention is focused on the nature of Spartan hegemony within the Peloponnesos, Corinthian leadership of her colonies, the Hellenic League, the form and ideology of Achaemenid imperialism, the Ionian Revolt, the formation of the Delian League by the Athenians and her allies in the wake of victory in the Persian Wars, and finally remarks on the character of the Athenian Empire.

An Aeroelastic Evaluation of the Flexible Thermal Protection System for an Inatable Aerodynamic Decelerator

Goldman, Benjamin D Duke University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the aeroelastic stability of a proposed flexible thermal protection system (FTPS) for the NASA Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD). A flat, square FTPS coupon exhibits violent oscillations during experimental aerothermal testing in NASA's 8 Foot High Temperature Tunnel, leading to catastrophic failure. The behavior of the structural response suggested that aeroelastic flutter may be the primary instability mechanism, prompting further experimental investigation and theoretical model development. Using Von Karman's plate theory for the panel-like structure and piston theory aerodynamics, a set of aeroelastic models were developed and limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) were calculated at the tunnel flow conditions. Similarities in frequency content of the theoretical and experimental responses indicated that the observed FTPS oscillations were likely aeroelastic in nature, specifically LCO/flutter. While the coupon models can be used for comparison with tunnel tests, they cannot predict accurately the aeroelastic behavior of the FTPS in atmospheric flight. This is because the geometry of the flight vehicle is no longer a flat plate, but rather (approximately) a conical shell. In the second phase of this work, linearized Donnell conical shell theory and piston theory aerodynamics are used to calculate natural modes of vibration and flutter dynamic pressures for various structural models composed of one or more conical shells resting on several circumferential elastic supports. When the flight vehicle is approximated as a single conical shell without elastic supports, asymmetric flutter in many circumferential waves is observed. When the elastic supports are included, the shell flutters symmetrically in zero circumferential waves. Structural damping is found to be important in this case, as "hump-mode" flutter is possible. Aeroelastic models that consider the individual FTPS layers as separate shells exhibit asymmetric flutter at high dynamic pressures relative to the single shell models. Parameter studies also examine the effects of tension, shear modulus reduction, and elastic support stiffness. Limitations of a linear structural model and piston theory aerodynamics prompted a more elaborate evaluation of the flight configuration. Using nonlinear Donnell conical shell theory for the FTPS structure, the pressure buckling and aeroelastic limit cycle oscillations were studied for a single elastically-supported conical shell. While piston theory was used initially, a time-dependent correction factor was derived using transform methods and potential flow theory to calculate more accurately the low Mach number supersonic flow. Three conical shell geometries were considered: a 3-meter diameter 70° shell, a 3.7-meter 70° shell, and a 6-meter diameter 70° shell. The 6-meter configuration was loaded statically and the results were compared with an experimental load test of a 6-meter HIAD vehicle. Though agreement between theoretical and experimental strains was poor, circumferential wrinkling phenomena observed during the experiments was captured by the theory and axial deformations were qualitatively similar in shape. With piston theory aerodynamics, the nonlinear flutter dynamic pressures of the 3-meter configuration were in agreement with the values calculated using linear theory, and the limit cycle amplitudes were generally on the order of the shell thickness. Pre-buckling pressure loads and the aerodynamic pressure correction factor were studied for all geometries, and these effects resulted in significantly lower flutter boundaries compared with piston theory alone. In the final phase of this work, the existing linear and nonlinear FTPS shell models were coupled with NASA's FUN3D Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes CFD code, allowing for the most physically realistic flight predictions. For the linear shell structural model, the elastically-supported shell natural modes were mapped to a CFD grid of a 6-meter HIAD vehicle, and a linear structural dynamics solver internal to the CFD code was used to compute the aeroelastic response. Aerodynamic parameters for a proposed HIAD re-entry trajectory were obtained, and aeroelastic solutions were calculated at three points in the trajectory: Mach 1, Mach 2, and Mach 11 (peak dynamic pressure). No flutter was found at any of these conditions using the linear method, though oscillations (of uncertain origin) on the order of the shell thickness may be possible in the transonic regime. For the nonlinear shell structural model, a set of assumed sinusoidal modes were mapped to the CFD grid, and the linear structural dynamics equations were replaced by a nonlinear ODE solver for the conical shell equations. Successful calculation and restart of the nonlinear dynamic aeroelastic solutions was demonstrated. Preliminary results indicated that dynamic instabilities may be possible at Mach 1 and 2, with a completely stable solution at Mach 11, though further study is needed. A major benefit of this implementation is that the coefficients and mode shapes for the nonlinear conical shell may be replaced with those of other types of structures, greatly expanding the aeroelastic capabilities of FUN3D.

Novel institutional approaches for conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services

Goldman, Rebecca Lucille Stanford University 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis links various disciplines to generate and promote mechanisms to help mainstream conservation by making it landscape-scale, economically attractive, and wedded to improving human welfare. The focus is on human-dominated/working landscapes and on how to incorporate a range of stakeholders in conservation. My first two chapters focus on the ability of working landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services. The first chapter assesses plant diversity on four Hawaiian landscapes (three human-dominated, one native forest) to measure their conservation value. The second chapter reviews literature on the flow of ecosystem services from agricultural landscapes to assess how to manage the landscapes for these flows. In both chapters, my results demonstrated that slight changes in management can have significant benefits for conservation. The third chapter explores the ability of current incentives to induce conservation management in the United States (US) and suggests improvements. I develop a framework that systematically evaluates their capacity to encourage conservation behaviors. This framework revealed that few incentives reward good management but rather "reward" bad behavior, and they are not focused on landscape-scale dynamics but instead narrowly define landowner eligibility, i.e., generally a single, private landowner. My fourth chapter then explores institutional incentive options to promote landscape-scale management thereby filling the previously identified gap. This study is largely theoretical but draws upon previous incentive structures to propose three new ones that encourage the landscape-scale, cross-boundary management needed to ensure conservation. Finally, I move from research about ecological and institutional capacity to its application by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). How are their projects implemented in the field? What is the potential for integrating humans and human welfare into conservation approaches? I use TNC projects to analyze the differences in biodiversity-based and ecosystem service-based conservation approaches and find that ecosystem service approaches enhance revenue streams, diversify available financing tools, and incorporate new landscapes and landowners while still achieving overall biodiversity conservation goals.

The Matins Responsory at Mexico City Cathedral, 1575-1815

Goldman, Dianne Marie Lehmann Northwestern University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Mexico City Cathedral's music archive preserves more than 300 polyphonic responsories produced during the viceregal period, most of which date to the second half of the eighteenth century. These sources show changes in musical style and performance context, as responsories shifted from being used on special occasions (c.1550-c.1675), to performance on a variety of feasts (c.1690-c.1715), to standardized use on all feast days (after 1756). This dissertation documents, examines, and explains the history and development of musical settings of responsories at Mexico City Cathedral and the roles that they and other issues, such as legacy chantries and personal devotions, played in forming the cathedral's liturgical practices for the matins service between 1575 and 1815. Each chapter in this dissertation engages a shift in style and importance of the responsory to the cathedral's liturgical and devotional culture; musical analyses reinforce the discussion and point to conclusions regarding the responsory's changing historical and cultural contexts at the local, regional, and international level. Issues of authorship and intent and the methods of textual criticism and philology also figure into this archival study. The dissertation begins with works by Hernando Franco (1532-1585) for the matins of the dead, and continues with the careers and works of chapelmasters Antonio de Salazar (c.1650-1715), Ignacio Jerusalem (1707-1769), Matheo Tollis de la Rocca (1714-1759), and Antonio Juanas (c.1762-c.1821) among others, as well as related, non-chapelmaster composers. The final chapter takes examples from throughout the period and examines the ways chapelmasters reused pieces already present in the archive, updating and adapting them to fit their current needs. Chapters include analyses of musical, social, cultural, devotional, and political issues as well as stylistic analyses of representative examples of responsory settings to show how both the music, and the context for which it was created, changed. The appendices provide a list of responsory sources in the Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de Mexico (ACCMM), Mexico City Cathedral's music and document archive, and editions of fifteen previously unpublished works by five composers. These editions, as well as the discussions of performance practice issues, make this dissertation useful to both scholars and performers.

Tinturae Romanorum: Social and Cultural Constructions of Color-Terms in Roman Literature

Goldman, Rachael City University of New York 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Literary sources in poetry, prose and inscriptions offer many examples of the use of color-terms in Latin texts, which carry connotations of value, both negative and positive, based on their associations with contemporary social groups. In this study I discuss several themes dealing with color-terms and their use in Latin literature which have not been explored in previous scholarship. I examine the debate on color-terms in Aulus Gellius' Attic Nights 2.26; the Roman dye industry and Roman clothing; class distinctions in Roman society, with particular emphasis on the freedman; color-terms as applied to physiognomic principles in descriptions of people and ethnic groups; and a special category of color-terms which cover multiple colors, such as versicolor and bicolor. By exploring the use of color-terms in these cultural contexts, we may gain a deeper understanding of the Roman mind.

"I want to be ready": Improvised dance as a practice of freedom

Goldman, Danielle New York University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Scholars frequently link improvised dance with the term "freedom," but fail to analyze the social and historical conditions in which dancing inevitably occurs. This dissertation breaks from these works by arguing that improvisation's keenest political power exists not as a "free" mode of creation where one can do whatever one wants, but as an immediate interaction with social, historical, and formalist constraint. One's social position in the world, neither stable nor essential, affects one's ability to move. To claim otherwise is to deny the real conditions that shape daily life, while also denying improvised dance its exquisite political power. I begin by discussing mambo at the Palladium ballroom during the mid-1950s, where dancers emphasized the importance of solo improvisations, poetically known as "open shines." The next chapter moves from the dancehall to the concert stage to consider collaborations between postmodern dancers and jazz musicians during the late '60s and early '70s, largely driven by the civil rights movement. The third chapter explores intersections between physical techniques of nonviolent protest and early innovations in contact improvisation, a partnered form of improvised dance that developed in the mid-1970s. The fourth chapter discusses the political significance of improvisation across Bill T. Jones's career, from his rejection of contact improvisation, to his identity-driven works of the '80s, to his controversial return to formalism in the '90s. Drawing from Michel Foucault's late interviews, the final chapter analyzes the extent to which improvised dance can be considered a "practice of freedom.". Despite the chronological order of the chapters, the dissertation does not present a linear progression from the "beginning" of postmodern dance through its current concerns. Instead, the chapters constitute a collage in which it is impossible to reduce "black dance," often linked with traditions of improvisation, to a separate sphere of dance history. Paying particular attention to questions of identity as well as the politics of form, the dissertation analyzes instances in which dancers improvised across difference, bringing to the fore issues of appropriation; cultural belonging; misunderstanding; and, at times, stunning ensemblic collaboration.