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        Gallbladder agenesis: A case report and brief review

        Giuseppe Bianco,Francesco Frongillo,Salvatore Agnes,Erida Nure,Nicola Silvestrini 한국간담췌외과학회 2018 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.22 No.3

        Agenesis of the gallbladder and cystic duct represents one of the rarest anomalies of the biliary system, with a reported incidence of 0.007% to 0.027%. Almost half of the patients develop common duct stones and 23% of them manifest signs and symptoms that mimic biliary colic. We present the case of a woman presenting with symptoms of biliary colic. Based on the clinical findings and after abdominal ultrasonography, which showed hyperechoic material in the gallbladder fossa, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned. Laparoscopy failed to reveal either gallbladder or cystic duct. The procedure was continued to further search for ectopic sites of gallbladder. A condition of gallbladder agenesis was hypothesized and the procedure was aborted without dissection of hepatic pedicle or conversion to laparotomy. Agenesis of gallbladder and cystic duct was confirmed via pos-operative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. We report our experience with regard to the challenges associated with the diagnosis and management, and a brief review of the literature of this rare pathology.

      • Spin Axis Precession of LARES Measured by Satellite Laser Ranging

        Kucharski, Daniel,Hyung-Chul Lim,Kirchner, Georg,Otsubo, Toshimichi,Bianco, Giuseppe,Joo-Yeon Hwang IEEE 2014 IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters Vol.11 No.3

        <P>Satellite laser ranging (SLR) is an efficient technique to measure spin parameters of the fully passive satellite LARES. Analysis of the laser range measurements gives information about the spin rate of the spacecraft and the orientation of its spin axis. A frequency analysis applied to the SLR data indicates an exponential increase of the satellite's spin period: T = 11.7612 ·exp(0.00293327 ·D) , RMS = 0.115 s, where D is in days since launch. The initial spin period of LARES is calculated from the spin observations during the first 30 days after launch and is equal to T<SUB>0</SUB> = 11.7131, RMS = 0.073 s. The spin axis of the satellite is precessing around the initial coordinates of right ascension RA<SUB>initial</SUB> = 186.5<SUP>°</SUP>, RMS<SUB>RA</SUB> = 3.1<SUP>°</SUP>, and Declination Decinitial = - 73.0<SUP>°</SUP>, RMS<SUB>Dec</SUB> = 0.7<SUP>°</SUP> (J2000 inertial reference frame), with a period of 211.7 days. The precession of the spin axis may be responsible for the observed oscillation of the slowing down rate: the spin half-life period (the time after which the spin period has doubled) varies between 209 and 267 days. The measured spin parameters of LARES are compared-and show good agreement-with the theoretical predictions given by the satellite spin model. Information about the spin parameters of LARES is necessary for the accurate modeling of the forces and torques that are affecting the orbital motion of the satellite.</P>

      • Attitude and Spin Period of Space Debris Envisat Measured by Satellite Laser Ranging

        Kucharski, Daniel,Kirchner, Georg,Koidl, Franz,Cunbo Fan,Carman, Randall,Moore, Christopher,Dmytrotsa, Andriy,Ploner, Martin,Bianco, Giuseppe,Medvedskij, Mikhailo,Makeyev, Andriy,Appleby, Graham,Suzuk IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol.52 No.12

        <P>The Environmental Satellite (Envisat) mission was finished on April 8, 2012, and since that time, the attitude of the satellite has undergone significant changes. During the International Laser Ranging Service campaign, the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations have performed the range measurements to the satellite that allowed determination of the attitude and the spin period of Envisat during seven months of 2013. The spin axis of the satellite is stable within the radial coordinate system (RCS; fixed with the orbit) and is pointing in the direction opposite to the normal vector of the orbital plane in such a way that the spin axis makes an angle of 61.86° with the nadir vector and 90.69° with the along-track vector. The offset between the symmetry axis of the retroreflector panel and the spin axis of the satellite is 2.52 m and causes the meter-scale oscillations of the range measurements between the ground SLR system and the satellite during a pass. Envisat rotates in the counterclockwise (CCW) direction, with an inertial period of 134.74 s (September 25, 2013), and the spin period increases by 36.7 ms/day.</P>

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