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        Output Feedback Control for a Quadrotor Aircraft Using an Adaptive High Gain Observer

        Gerardo Flores,V. González-Huitron,A. E. Rodríguez-Mata 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.6

        This paper addresses the problem of quadrotor control under unknown and time-varying disturbances. It is assumed that such disturbances affect the entire quadrotor’s dynamics, i.e., in attitude and position. To stabilize the quadrotor, we propose an output-feedback control approach, in which we implement a Backstepping control together with an Adaptive High Gain Observer to estimate disturbances. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved via the Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the methodology is illustrated through numerical simulations and experiments.

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        Variable Gains Sliding Mode Control

        Sergio Alvarez-Rodríguez,Gerardo Flores,Noé Alcalá Ochoa 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.3

        In this paper a sliding mode control with variable gains is proposed. Such a controller has chatteringeffect reduction without detriment to the robustness properties of the sliding modes. The key idea behind the control design is that the variable gains magnitude is proportional to the trajectory tracking error magnitude. Also, this design establishes a connection between both the first and the second order sliding modes control. It is demonstrated that the proposed controller does not overestimates disturbances, which significantly reduces the control energy used. Finally, a stability analysis in the sense of Lyapunov is developed to demonstrate finite time convergence to the origin; simulations experiments are carried out to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller.

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        PID Principles to Obtain Adaptive Variable Gains for a Bi-order Sliding Mode Control

        Sergio Alvarez-Rodríguez,Gerardo Flores 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.10

        A new model to obtain adaptive variable gains for a bi-order Sliding Mode Control is proposed in this work. The variable gains for the controller are designed to dynamically adapt their values, using principles of the well-known Proportional-Integral-Derivative control technique, where the magnitude of the tracking error is the signal feedback. According to the way to tune parameters, it can become a first-order or a second-order controller. This design takes into account the actuators’ constraints (operational limits of the plant to control). As a result of theadaptive properties of the proposed scheme, the new controller significantly reduces the energy consumption in control processes, and it rejects the so-called chattering-effect, simultaneously maintaining the main robust properties of the Sliding Mode strategy. In order to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design, simulation results are presented, where the performance of the proposed controller is compared with the conventional Sliding Modes of order one and two, and also with the classical PID controller. A strong stability analysis in the sense of Lyapunov is presented, showing global exponential stability for the equilibrium point of the closed-loop control system when the proposed control design is used.

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        Nutraceutical effects of bioactive peptides obtained from Pterophylla beltrani (Bolivar & Bolivar) protein isolates

        Laura Jenet Montiel-Aguilar,Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo,Rocío Rodríguez-Servin,Adiel Berenice López-Flores,Víctor Eustorgio Aguirre-Arzola,Gerardo Méndez-Zamora,Sugey Ramona Sinagawa-García 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

        Edible insects have been important sources of food proteins for human consumption and animal feed. In this study, a protein isolate from Pterophylla beltrani Bolivar & Bolivar, 1942 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was enzymatically processed and its nutraceutical properties were evaluated. Protein isolates were obtained from an insect flour and then was hydrolyzed for 5 h with a sequential process using pepsin and trypsin-chymotrypsin to simulate the gastric intestinal fluids. To evaluate the effect of peptide molecular size on nutraceutical properties, the peptides obtained from Total hydrolyzed (TH) were fractionated by ultrafiltration (UF) with 10 kDa and 3 kDa UF membranes giving fractions (F) with different molecular size (F < 3KDa, F < 10KDa and F > 10KDa). The inhibition assay of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) showed that the best treatment (P < 0.05) was the (TH) with an IC50 value of 0.5 mg/mL while the F < 3KDa was the lowest (P < 0.05) with an IC50 of 1.44 mg/mL, and the peptide size had no effect. However, an α-amylase inhibition was observed with an increase of the IC50 value between TH, F > 10KDa and F < 10KDa although no significative difference (P > 0.05) was found between the TH and F < 3KDa with IC50 of 0.48 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively. In antioxidant activity, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between TH and UF fractions where the best response was in the F < 3KDa. In conclusion, P. beltrani proteins isolate are a source of bioactive peptide, and these could be considered as potential edible insect and sustainable food with nutraceutical effects.

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