하워드 가드너(Howard Gardner 1943~)의 다중지능이론을 적용한 미술감상교육 수업방안연구 : 중등학교를 중심으로

배항운 중앙대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

This study suggests a scheme of effective art appreciation instruction applying Gardner’s theory in the background of linkages between ‘Theory of Multiple Intelligence,’ and ‘2009 Revised Secondary Art Education.’ The study proposed ‘restructuring’ of integrated appreciation instruction from learners as subjective enjoyers after getting out of directed and structured form’s delivery in the meantime, and then looked into corresponding researches and cases. In Chapter 1, this study considered educational paradigm’s changes resulting in ‘constructivism’ from ‘behaviorism,’ and examined historical performances of educational philosophy at the same time. In Chapter 2, the study reviewed 9 intelligences becoming bases of the theory of multiple intelligence, and then tried to compare it with traditional ones. Through this comparison, the meaning on theory of intelligence can be confirmed as integrated and systematic instruction’s variables. In Chapter 3, this study looked into domestic and overseas cases applying the theory of multiple intelligence, and then investigated application states of the theory and art appreciation introduction’s importance through analyzing 2009 revised secondary art curriculum in the Chapter 4. Finally, the study finished discussions by suggesting a teaching-learning scheme considering conformity with revised curriculum’s directions. Currently overall goals of art curriculum in our county are lied ‘in growing up aesthetic sensitivity, creative expression ability, and critical one through various activities of the art, and also raising competences and attitudes through which the art culture can be enjoyed.’ Specially, meaningful instructions in the integrated experiences and daily life are being emphasized. In this meaning, changes in the art appreciation instruction and exploratory curriculum based on the learner’s positive subjectivity and integration between knowledge and daily life are required. Past instructing lectures on the art and appreciation guides have been progressed mainly with reference artworks presented in the textbook or well-known works to the public. Also, there were many cases of receptive learning rather than student’s positive participations from instructing forms of investigating data and then presenting it. This method had difficult conditions in considering learner’s interests, excitement, and personal experiences. However, in art appreciation instructions applying the theory of multiple intelligence, students set up various minor themes related to the grand thesis and then investigated it. That is, students search for selected subjects in person and collected required appreciation artworks in many ways, and then make their works by applying own experiences and viewpoints after comparing and analyzing it. Also, they rectify, supplement, and deepen the process while continuously reflecting overall plans on the project activity and procedure’s fitness. In case of proceeding it after making small groups, students become to widen understandings on the work through opinion exchanges with colleague friends. Through instructions, learners come to recover subjective viewpoints, and have meaningful learning connected with own life. Teachers become to take charge of roles as colleague learner and advisor within constructivist learning styles, and can make meaningful understanding and affection on the work occurred during the instructing process. Grafting between the art appreciation and theory of multiple intelligence suggested in this study recognizes students’ differences of multi-dimensional knowledge compositions, and proposes a success possibility of own learning plans to all students through ‘customized teaching strategy and activity’s diversification’ of the art considering the different points. 본 연구는 ‘다중지능 이론’과 다가올 ‘2009 개정 중등 미술교육’과의 연계성을 배경으로 가드너의 이론을 적용한 효율적인 미술 감상 수업의 방안을 제시한다. 감상교육이 그간의 지시적이고 구조화된 양식의 전달에서 벗어나, 주체적인 향수자로서 학습자의 통합적인 감상수업의 ‘재구조화’가 이루어질 것을 제언하고 이에 따른 연구와 사례들을 살펴보았다. 제 1장에서는 ‘행동주의’에서 ‘구성주의’로 귀결되는 교육의 패러다임 변화를 고찰하며 교육 철학의 시대적 이행을 살펴보았다. 제 2장에서는 다중지능이론의 기반이 되는 아홉 가지 지능을 알아보고, 전통적 지능관과의 차이를 비교해 보았다. 이를 통해 다중지능이론의 통합적이고 체제적인 수업의 변인으로서 의미를 확인 할 수 있다. 제 3장에서는 다중지능이론이 적용된 국외사례와 국내사례를 살펴본 후, 제 4장에서 우리나라 2009 개정 중등 미술교육과정의 분석을 통해 이론의 적용실태와 미술 감상 교육의 중요성을 살펴보았다. 끝으로 개정 교육과정의 방향과의 일치성을 고려한 교수-학습 계획안을 제시함으로서 논의를 마무리 지었다. 현재 우리나라 미술과 교육과정의 총괄목표는 ‘미술의 다양한 활동을 통하여 미적 감수성, 창의적 표현능력, 비평능력을 기르고, 미술문화를 향수할 수 있는 능역과 태도를 기른다.’이다. 특히, 각 영역의 통합적 경험과 생활 속에서의 유의미한 수업이 강조되고 있다. 이런 의미에서 미술 감상지도와 학습자의 능동적 주체성 및 지식과 생활의 통합성을 바탕으로 한 탐구적인 교육과정의 변화가 필요한 것이다. 기존의 미술과 감상지도는 교과서에 제시되어 있는 참고작품이나 대중들에게 많이 알려진 작품들을 위주로 교사의 강의식 수업이 진행되었다. 자료를 조사하고 발표하는 형식의 수업 형태에서도 학생의 능동적인 참여가 이루어지기보다 지식의 수용적 습득이 많았다. 이는 학습자들의 관심과 흥미, 개인적 경험은 고려되기 힘든 조건이다. 하지만 다중지능이론을 적용한 미술 감상수업에서는 대주제와 관련된 다양한 소주제를 직접 설정하고 탐구한다. 즉, 스스로 자신이 원하는 주제를 탐구하고, 그에 필요한 감상 작품들을 다방면으로 수집하고 비교, 분석 한 후 자신의 경험과 관점을 적용하여 작품을 제작하는 것이다. 또한 프로젝트 활동 전반에 관한 계획과 과정의 적합성을 끊임없이 반성하며, 수정, 보완, 심화한다. 소집단을 이루어 진행할 경우 동료 친구들과 의견교환을 통해 작품에 대한 이해를 더 넓히게 된다. 수업을 통해 학습자들은 주체적인 시각을 회복하게 되고 자신의 삶과 연결되는 유의미한 학습을 한다. 교사는 구성주의적 학습형태 안에서 동료학습자, 조언자로서의 역할을 담당하게 되며 수업의 과정 속에서 작품에 대한 의미 있는 이해와 애정이 생길 수 있도록 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 미술 감상과 다중지능이론의 접목은 학생들의 다차원적인 지식 구성의 차이를 인정하고, 이를 고려한 미술의 ‘맞춤식 교수 전략과 활동의 다양화’를 통해 모든 학생들이 자신만의 학습계획에서의 성공 가능성을 제안한다.

(The) Existential and transcendental motifs in J.D.Salinger's the catcher in the rye

Gardner, Oleg 계명대학교 2004 국내석사

This thesis examines the existential and transcendental motifs in J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. These are still cogent reading for the contemporary reader and researcher. In order to better understand the "phenomenon"of Salinger, cryptodiscourse, or the discourse of hidden meanings, is a feasible approach. This analytical practice is related to current interpretative, or hermeneutic, approaches to text, and implies the search for textual meaning through the analysis of narrative motifs. A motif can be defined in several ways. Motif is a recurrent pattern, which occurs in a literary work. It is also a distinctive idea or theme in a literary work, which possesses a recognizable meaning and which is correlated with main protagonist, plot, and other elements of a text. Motif analysis implies the practice of textual decoding, or analysis and understanding of the aggregate construction of words, phrases, and text. J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye is abundant with the following motifs: withdrawal from society, loneliness, lack of love, solitude, innocence, alienation, the motif of death and resurrection, the motif of the Oriental thought, the motif of childhood, and the search after truth. Among these, The Catcher in the Rye focuses around two motifs: existential-the motif of alienation and the motif of an abyss(or "fall" using Mr. Antolini's words(187) that separate people; and transcendental-the motif of salvation through love and the motif of acceptance of the world that unite people. Other motifs can be classified as mythological-the motif of death and resurrection; and philosophical-the motif of childhood and the motif of the Oriental thought. Salinger paints these motifs upon a canvass, which stresses the innocence of childhood and children, salvation through love, and man's quest for his lost innocence. While each motif takes on a slightly different manifestation in The Catcher in the Rye their ultimate purpose is same: the search after truth.

(The) Korean nationalist movement and An Ch'ang-ho : advocate of gradualism

Gardner, Arthur Leslie University Microfilms International 2014 국내박사

Semantic Patterns in old English substantival compounds

Gardner, Thomas [s.n.] 1968 국내박사

An Exploratory Case Study on the Pedagogical Possibilities of Educational Cinematic Virtual Reality in High School English Classes

Gardner, Amanda M Baylor University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

While immersive technology has migrated from specialized industry use to wholesale classroom applications, high school student reading of classical literature in secondary English classrooms has declined. At the start of the 2020s American education’s dependence on technology increased as a necessary institutional response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory case study examined the possible secondary English applications of How Do We Love Thee? (Gardner, 2021), an immersive educational cinematic virtual reality (edcuCVR) experience created by the researcher. The application of cinematic virtual reality to secondary literature curriculum had not occurred before this study; therefore, in order to create a wholistic perspective on How Do We Love Thee? as an educational resource participant data was analyzed holistically.Literary scholars and practitioners have noted that the reading of classical literature enables individuals to become wide-awake to their world (Cianciolo, 1982; Kingsolver, 2018; Rosenblatt, 1983; Rosenblatt 1994). Research suggests that engaging with literature can help students become more wide-awake to their world (Steedly, 2003); as such, the aesthetic educational framework of wide-awakeness, as defined by Maxine Greene, was used as a framework to create semi-structured questions, define protocol, and discuss results. Three high school English teachers with English degrees from various regions were purposefully selected for this study. Participants were selected through surveys and individual interviews via Google Hangout. In addition to their education and teaching status, each participant also possessed the technological ability to experience How Do We Love Thee? immersed via a head mounted display (HMD). The study was conducted in three phases: a group introduction to immersive technology underpinning How Do We Love Thee?, individual viewings of the eduCVR experience, and post-viewing semi-structured interviews. Due to Covid-19 data was collected in two ways – an online two person semi-structured interview and an in-person single semi-structured interview. Results from the study indicated that participants believe that the use of the eduCVR resource How Do We Love Thee? in their classrooms will positively influence student interest in classical literature by serving as an introduction to authorial background while introducing a new medium in a unique way. Participants were excited by inclusive nature of the eduCVR experience, noting that it would appeal to all types of students, not just those interested in English. Furthermore, participants praised the cross-curricular nature of How Do We Love Thee? and were eager for other eduCVR experiences. Future studies could include replicating this study with a larger sample size to determine the veracity of these findings, utilizing How Do We Love Thee? with high school English students to determine how the experience both affectively and cognitively impacts them, investigating best practices for English classroom use, and comparing the impact of the eduCVR immersive resource to non-immersive resources.

Prerequisites of power in liberated Korea : the political relationship between Syngman Rhee and Kim Ku

Gardner, Patrick D Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei U 2000 국내박사

Many bridges are serverely damaged by the overloaded heavy vehicle and the trend will become more serious because the traffic volume is continuoulsy increasing and the load carrying capacity of the heavy vehicles is also improving due to the rapid development of vehicle engineering. Currently the vehicles with the gross weights over 40 tons or the axle weight over 10 tons are not allowed for travelling on the public road. However, this regulation is not based on the systematic study on the bridge capacity and assumed of be too much conservative depending on the vehicle types and bridge types. The infrastructures should provide the sound service as much as they can do. Therefore, more rational permit load regulation is required in the view of the national economic activity. In this study, the permit weights of heavy vehicles of diverse axle spacings and axle load distribution are calculated considering the structural characteristics of bridge superstructures. Single-span slab bridges with span length of 5~12m and girder bridges such as T-beam, PSC·I-beam, plate girder bridge with span length of 10~40m are subjected to 31 types of heavy vehicles. In order to consider the various load effects of heavy weight vehicle crossing, the following three conditions are considered in the calculation of permit vehicle load. First condition is when all lanes are regulated, second condition is when only one lane of the traffic is regulated, and the third condition is when there is no regulation at all during the heavy vehicle crossings. From the results, tables for calculating the permit vehicle weight and simplified formulas which can be used in the case when only the vehicle dimension ar known are presented. 국내에서 공용중인 교량들은 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 구조 시스템의 노후화와 파손이 심화되고 있는데, 특히 금속한 경제성장에 따른 교통량의 증가와 차량의 고속화 및 대형화가 가장 큰 원인이 되고 있다 이러한 도로교를 통행하는 다양한 형식의 차량 중에서 교량구조의 안전수준에 중대한 영향을 미치는 것은 과적 중차량이며, 곽내에서는 아직까지 과적중차량의 통행제한에 대한 효과적인 대응책이 수립 되지 못하고 있다. 중차량의 교량통과 허용여부는 주로 차량하중의 특성에 의해 지배된다. 하지만 현재 국내에서와 같이 1등급 교량의 경우, 총중량 40ton, 축하중 10ton 의 중차량 통행제한 규성은 다양한 차량의 하중특성을 반영할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 이러 한 제한은 이론적·실험적으로 산출한 교량의 내하능력을 계산하여 제시되었다기보다는 교량의 석계하중 및 교통량 등을 감안하여 설정된 것이다. 이러한 규정은 차량의 측간거리, 축의 형태, 축의 수, 교량의 경간장, 교량의 등급, 차량의 형태 등 여러 가지 특성을 고려하는 외축의 통행제한방안에 비해 비합리적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연-에서는 합리적인 중차량의 교량통과하중 산정기법제시를 위해 현재 국내에서 생산 또는 운행되고 있는 중차량 중, 적재중량 8ton, 총중량 10ton이 넘는 중차량을 대상으로 차량의 일반제원과 특성에 따라 차축의 구조별, 축간거리별로 분류하여 대표차량을 선정하였고, 국내교량의 현황자료를 수집하여 다양한 분석대상차량을 선정하였다. 이로부터 차량통행모형에 의해 발생되는 하중효과와 현행 도로교 표준시방서의 설계차량하중에 의한 하중효과를 비교하고, 모의분석기법을 이용하여 중차

The paintings of domenico puligo

Gardner, Genetta Ann UMI 1986 국내박사

INFORMAL COMPUTER-ART EDUCATION : A FOCUS ON THE ART AND HISTORICAL IMPACT OF COMPUTER-GENERATED SPECIAL VISUAL EFFECTS AND THE PEDAGOGY OF THE ARTISTS WHO CREATE THEM PROFESSIONALLY IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PRODUCTION COMPANIES

GARDNER, GARTH ANTHONY The ohio state university 1995 해외박사

The Royal Society of Literature and the patronage of George IV

Williams, David Gardner Garland Pub. 1987 국내석사

The qualities of a citizen: Women, immigration, and citizenship in the United States, 1870--1965

Gardner, Martha Mabie Stanford University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

<italic>The Qualities of a Citizen</italic> traces the application of immigration and naturalization law to women in the United States from 1870 to 1965 by exploring four significant themes in immigration and naturalization law—morality, domesticity, paid work, and reproduction. Drawing on INS records and case law, the dissertation provides a social history of the law by exploring both how women's understanding of law and policy makers' understandings of women's role in the nation changed over time. Evident in the development and application of laws against prostitutes during the nineteenth century, gender and racial hierarchies merged in the process of evaluating immigrant women's sexuality and their sexual labor. Late nineteenth-century immigration law, originally intended to protect the nation from the presence of Chinese prostitutes, by the twentieth century served to reinforce the dictates of heterosexual marriage more generally. Traditional notions of domesticity governed immigration and judicial officials' evaluations of immigrant women's conduct by insisting that admissible wives remain loyal to their husbands and to their work in the home. Significantly, while the 1922 Cable Act signaled a departure from a legacy of derivative status for married women and established the principle that marriage and citizenship could be separate and unique civic identities, the act reinforced ideas of race difference that were equally important to the way Americans understood both citizenship and marriage. By encouraging the admittance of women willing to work in domestic service, child care, and nursing, immigration law promoted a racially and sexually segmented labor force, and tied women's role in the nation to their domestic responsibilities in the American home. Over time, fears about female poverty expanded from the entry at the border to question the status of long-term resident immigrant women who drew on public relief services. Finally, the significance of family to immigration policy and citizenship law made both families and women's reproduction sites of contestation over rights to membership. While both naturalization and immigration policies privileged family unity, they also defined the legal parameters of “family” with questions of legitimacy structuring children's relationship to the state.