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Pascua, Philippe Noriel Q.,Song, Min-Suk,Kwon, Hyeok-Il,Lim, Gyo-Jin,Kim, Eun-Ha,Park, Su-Jin,Lee, Ok-Jun,Kim, Chul-Joong,Webby, Richard J.,Webster, Robert G.,Choi, Young-Ki American Society for Microbiology 2013 Journal of virology Vol.87 No.19
<P>We previously reported that influenza A/swine/Korea/1204/2009(H1N2) virus was virulent and transmissible in ferrets in which the respiratory-droplet-transmissible virus (CT-Sw/1204) had acquired simultaneous hemagglutinin (HA<SUB>D225G</SUB>) and neuraminidase (NA<SUB>S315N</SUB>) mutations. Incorporating these mutations into the nonpathogenic A/swine/Korea/1130/2009(H1N2, Sw/1130) virus consequently altered pathogenicity and growth in animal models but could not establish efficient transmission or noticeable disease. We therefore exploited various reassortants of these two viruses to better understand and identify other viral factors responsible for pathogenicity, transmissibility, or both. We found that possession of the CT-Sw/1204 tripartite viral polymerase enhanced replicative ability and pathogenicity in mice more significantly than did expression of individual polymerase subunit proteins. In ferrets, homologous expression of viral RNA polymerase complex genes in the context of the mutant Sw/1130 carrying the HA<SUB>225G</SUB> and NA<SUB>315N</SUB> modifications induced optimal replication in the upper nasal and lower respiratory tracts and also promoted efficient aerosol transmission to respiratory droplet contact ferrets. These data show that the synergistic function of the tripartite polymerase gene complex of CT-Sw/1204 is critically important for virulence and transmission independent of the surface glycoproteins. Sequence comparison results reveal putative differences that are likely to be responsible for variation in disease. Our findings may help elucidate previously undefined viral factors that could expand the host range and disease severity induced by triple-reassortant swine viruses, including the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and therefore further justify the ongoing development of novel antiviral drugs targeting the viral polymerase complex subunits.</P>
Wang, Z.,Su, G.,Li, M.,Ke, Q.,Kim, S.Y.,Li, H.,Huang, J.,Xu, B.,Deng, X.P.,Kwak, S.S. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vol. No.
<P>Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR 3 (ABF3), a bZIP transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating multiple stress responses in plants. Overexpressing AtABF3 increases tolerance to various stresses in several plant species. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one of the most important perennial forage crops worldwide, has high yields, high nutritional value, and good palatability and is widely distributed in irrigated and semi-arid regions throughout the world. However, drought and salt stress pose major constraints to alfalfa production. In this study, we developed trans genic alfalfa plants (cv. Xinjiang Daye) expressing AtABF3 under the control of the sweetpotato oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter (referred to as SAF plants) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. After drought stress treatment, we selected two transgenic lines with high expression of AtABF3, SAF5 and SAFE, for further characterization. Under normal conditions, SAF plants showed smaller leaf size compared to non-transgenic (NT) plants, while no other morphological changes were observed. Moreover, SAF plants exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance and better growth under drought stress treatment, which was accompanied by a reduced transpiration rate and lower reactive oxygen species contents. In addition, SAF plants showed an increased tolerance to salt and oxidative stress. Therefore, these transgenic AtABF3 alfalfa plants might be useful for breeding forage crops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stress for use in sustainable agriculture on marginal lands. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</P>
COMMON FEATURES OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF DISK GALAXIES IN THE COMA AND VIRGO CLUSTER
Hul F. X.,Wu G. X.,SU H. J.,LIU Y. Z.,YUAN Q. R. The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1
Based on the database of 128 disk galaxies (66 SO, 62 S and Irr) mailnly compiled from Kent and Gunn (1982) and Doi et a1.(1995) which is complete down to m < 15.6 mag within a radius of $3^{\circ}$, the orientation of spin vectors of disk galaxies of the Coma cluster has been analyzed. The results confirm the morphological dependence of the orientation of disk galaxies found from the analsis of the Virgo cluster. Common features of orientation of disk galaxies of both clusters are outlined.
Cloning and characterization of a novel GIGANTEA gene in sweet potato
Tang, W.,Yan, H.,Su, Z.x.,Park, S.C.,Liu, Y.j.,Zhang, Y.g.,Wang, X.,Kou, M.,Ma, D.f.,Kwak, S.S.,Li, Q. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Vol. No.
<P>The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, a key event in the lifecycle of a plant, is affected by environmental stresses. The flowering-time regulator GIGANTEA (GI) may be contributing to susceptibility of the regulation of photoperiodic flowering, circadian rhythm control, and abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis. However, the role of GI in sweet potato remains unknown. Here, we isolated and characterized a GI gene (IbGI) from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [LI Lam). The IbGI cDNA sequence was isolated based on information from a sweet potato transcriptome database. IbGI mRNA transcript levels showed robust circadian rhythm control during the light-dark transition, and the expression of IbGI was stronger in leaves and roots than in stems. IbGI protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. IbGI expression was upregulated by high temperature, drought, and salt stress but downregulated by cold stress. Overexpressing IbGI in the Arabidopsis gi-2 mutant background rescued its late flowering phenotype and reduced its salt tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that IbGI shares functions in regulating flowering, the circadian rhythm, and tolerance to some stresses with other GI orthologs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</P>
HYBRID VEHICLE POWER MANAGEMENT MODELING AND REFINEMENT
A. BOUKEHILI,Y. T. ZHANG,Q. ZHAO,C. Q. NI,H. F. SU,G. J. HUANG 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.6
The power management strategy in many hybrid vehicles is based on expert rules and thresholds. These rulebased strategies can result in good efficiency in term of fuel economy and emissions if their thresholds and rules are accurate. However, due to the complexity and the non-linearity of the hybrid powertrain, determining accurate thresholds and rules is neither explicit nor straightforward, and experts in most cases fail to define these thresholds and rules with enough accuracy. Based on this fact, the objective of this paper is to propose a method to improve this rule-based strategy by refining its thresholds and rules. To achieve this, we used an optimization method (dynamic programming) to calculate the optimal power management, determine the optimal control signals, and extract efficient thresholds and rules that can be used in real time. Finally, simulation results for the three strategies (optimal, simple and refined strategy) are shown and discussed.
Kai, X.Z.,Li, Z.Q.,Fan, G.L.,Guo, Q.,Xiong, D.B.,Zhang, W.L.,Su, Y.S.,Lu, W.J.,Moon, W.J.,Zhang, D. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.587 No.-
Reinforcement agglomeration always leads to severe stress concentration and porosity, which is detrimental to the deformation ability and mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites. In this study, uniform distribution of 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C has been achieved in B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite by means of flake powder metallurgy (Flake PM), in which flake Al powder is used as the starting material. The flake Al powder exhibits higher apparent volume than spherical powders of the same mass, and thus can provide more space to accommodate the B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles. Therefore, compared with conventional PM, Flake PM can lead to more uniform distribution of B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles in the composite powder as well as in the consolidated composite. Meanwhile, the flake Al powder has a nano skin of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, which could be fractured and dispersed inside the fine matrix grains during consolidation, and were found to induce a higher normalized strain hardening rate for the composite during deformation. As a result, the Flake PM 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 305MPa and a uniform elongation of 6.6%, 63% stronger and 13% more ductile than its counterpart fabricated by conventional PM.
Ambient Vibration measurements and finite element modelling for the Hong Kong Ting Kau Bridge
Au, F.T.K.,Tham, L.G.,Lee, P.K.K.,Su, C.,Han, D.J.,Yan, Q.S.,Wong, K.Y. Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.15 No.1
The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast which reduces its section in steps, and it is strengthened by transverse cables and struts in the transverse vertical plane. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the threat from typhoons, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. This paper is devoted to the ambient vibration measurements of the bridge for evaluation of dynamic characteristics including the natural frequencies and mode shapes. It also describes the modelling of the bridge. A few finite element models are developed and calibrated to match with the field data and the results of subsequent structural health monitoring of the bridge.
Zhao Hui Liu,Si Yu Zhang,Yong Yang Yu,Guo Qiang Su,G. Q. SU 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.4
(-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl) quinic acid (GQA), new compound isolated from Lonicera japonica, was found with the activity of inhibiting HIF-1. GQA exhibited anti-proliferative effects on a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines in HIF-1 dependent mechanism and could induce HT-29 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Oral administration of GQA showed significant inhibition against tumor growth of human colon carcinoma xenografted in nude mice. For the first time, this study provides scientific rational to develop GQA as a novel class of antitumor agents against the human colon carcinoma.