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Is Honesty the Best Policy? Anthropology, Anthropological Education, and Methodology
Fredric Marc Roberts 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1984 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.6 No.2
In recent years, an increasing number of anthropologists have begun to seriously consider their subject as a science. Especially in the area of methodology, strenuous efforts have been expended to make anthropology more rigorously scientific.
DIFFERENCES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS VENTURES: A NEW CATEGORIZATION SCHEME AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Kropp, Fredric,Lindsay, Noel J. Research Institute for Business and Entrepreneursh 1999 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.2 No.-
This research develops a new typology of entrepreneurial business ventures (EBVs) and examines the way that different EBV types assume different marketing orientations. Unlike other typologies that focus on the entrepreneur, this typology focuses on the capabilities, resources, and entrepreneurial orientation/experience of the entrepreneurial business venture. Five EBV categories are identified: Lone Wolves (ventures stared by a sole entrepreneur), Geese (developed by several budding entrepreneurs), Elk (spin-off ventures), Bears(where powerful, successful entrepreneurs join forces), and Walrus (in- house corporate entrepreneurial ventures).
Energy Value of Carbohydrate and Lipids with Added Calcium for Growing Mice
Dania A. Khalil,Fredric N. Owens,Christa F. Hanson 한국식품영양과학회 2000 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.5 No.2
The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with supplemental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25. Added calcium depressed (p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater (p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the availability of energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.
Energy Value of Carbohydrate and Lipids with Added Calcium for Growing Mice
Khalil, Dania A.,Owens, Fredric N.,Hanson, Christa F. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2000 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.5 No.2
The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.