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RNA buffers the phase separation behavior of prion-like RNA binding proteins
Maharana, Shovamayee,Wang, Jie,Papadopoulos, Dimitrios K.,Richter, Doris,Pozniakovsky, Andrey,Poser, Ina,Bickle, Marc,Rizk, Sandra,Guillé,n-Boixet, Jordina,Franzmann, Titus M.,Jahnel, Marcus,Mar American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.360 No.6391
<P>Prion-like RNA binding proteins (RBPs) such as TDP43 and FUS are largely soluble in the nucleus but form solid pathological aggregates when mislocalized to the cytoplasm. What keeps these proteins soluble in the nucleus and promotes aggregation in the cytoplasm is still unknown. We report here that RNAcritically regulates the phase behavior of prion-like RBPs. Low RNA/protein ratios promote phase separation into liquid droplets, whereas high ratios prevent droplet formation in vitro. Reduction of nuclear RNA levels or genetic ablation of RNA binding causes excessive phase separation and the formation of cytotoxic solid-like assemblies in cells. We propose that the nucleus is a buffered system in which high RNA concentrations keep RBPs soluble. Changes in RNA levels or RNA binding abilities of RBPs cause aberrant phase transitions.</P>
First Results from BISTRO: A SCUBA-2 Polarimeter Survey of the Gould Belt
Ward-Thompson, Derek,Pattle, Kate,Bastien, Pierre,Furuya, Ray S.,Kwon, Woojin,Lai, Shih-Ping,Qiu, Keping,Berry, David,Choi, Minho,Coudé,, Simon,Francesco, James Di,Hoang, Thiem,Franzmann, Erica American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.842 No.1
<P>We present the first results from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array. 2 camera, with its associated polarimeter (POL-2), on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. We discuss the survey's aims and objectives. We describe the rationale behind the survey, and the questions that. the survey will aim to answer. The most important of these is the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process on the scale of individual filaments and cores in dense regions. We describe the data acquisition and reduction processes for POL-2, demonstrating both repeatability and consistency with previous data. We present a first-look analysis of the first results from the BISTRO survey in the OMC 1 region. We see that the magnetic field lies approximately perpendicular to the famous 'integral filament' in the densest regions of that filament. Furthermore, we see an 'hourglass' magnetic field morphology extending beyond the densest region of the integral filament into the less-dense surrounding material, and discuss possible causes for this. We also discuss the more complex morphology seen along the Orion Bar region. We examine the morphology of the field along the lower-density northeastern filament. We find consistency with previous theoretical models that predict magnetic fields lying parallel to low-density, non-self-gravitating filaments, and perpendicular to higher-density, self-gravitating filaments.</P>