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        러시아 , 미국 , 한국의 과학 교사 평정 제도 분석

        백성혜,Etakina, Eugenia 한국초등과학교육학회 1999 초등과학교육 Vol.18 No.1

        The work of teachers is the critical element in effective spooling. But most reform efforts have focused on the teaching profession as a whole and effective schools. Only minimal attention has been given to the subset of teachers whose performance is marginal or incompetent, those who undermine the very concept of $quot;educational excellence,$quot; Teachers are the school's primary point of contact with students and, in large part, determine the educational goals and learning activities for students. How teaching is conducted has a large impact on students' abilities to educate themselves, and there is evidence that teacher quality directly affects student learning. Unfortuntely, the evaluation of teachers' teaching abilities is not clear, and there are few cases that teachers has correctly feedback by the results of the evaluation of their abilities. In this study, we analysized and compared the teacher evaluation systems of Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, and the United States of America. These results will be based on the improvement of the systems. In Russian Federation, the highest year of teacher's teaching which affects on teacher's salary is 5. In the United States, it is 12-13 years. But in Korea, it is more than 30 years. That means the teachers who taught for many years are considered as competent teachers in Republic of Korea based on the economic factors of educational effects. In Russia and the United States of America, teachers' academic backgrounds seriously affect on teachers' salary. But in Republic of Korea, teachers' academic background is a bit of a contribution to salary. In Russian Federation, teachers' activities related to education, teaching abilities as well as academic background are also attect on the salary. In Korea, older teachers have more advantages of salary and promotion than younger teachers. Principals and vice principals of Korea have influencing power over teachers because their judgements on teachers play an important part in teachers' promotion. But there is no such power of principals and vice principals in Russia and the United States of America. In Russian Federation, the evaluation of teachers abilities is enforced periodically. The results of the evaluation reflect on teachers' salary directly. After teachers are evaluated, some teachers can earn lower salaries than before. Teachers' academic backgrounds which affect on teacher' salary are classified by courses. The teachers who have master degrees or dotor degrees of education earn much more money than the teachers who have master degrees and doctor degrees of pure science in Russian Federation.

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