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- 저자 : Erkki Lamminen (검색결과 2 건)
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Review of ISO25597 Standard and Application to Measurements
Erkki Lamminen 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Regulatory emission limits for particulate matter (PM or dust) from large combustion plants currently only consider “primary” particulate matter. Primary PM is the fraction of stack emission that is in solid or liquid form at flue gas temperature. However, as flue gas is emitted from plant stack into atmosphere, it cools down and gaseous vapor species may condense onto existing PM or form new particles. This fraction of PM is generally called secondary or condensable. Therefore, the current emission regulations do not necessarily limit the total PM a plant emits to environment. To assess and compare real emissions from power plants, there needs to be a method that allows reproducible determination of condensable PM from stacks. ISO standard 25597 describes a dilution-based method to measure PM2.5 including the condensable fraction from combustion sources. In this work we review the ISO 25597 standard and propose a setup to carry out measurements according to the standard. ISO25597 setup is roughly as follows; In-stack PM10 and PM2.5 cyclones are used in series to sample primary PM2.5 fraction which is led via heated probe to a dilution stage. Dilution with thorough mixing is carried out with at least a minimum factor of 20 in ambient temperature to suppress water condensation. Diluted sample is then led to a residence time chamber with a minimum residence time of 10 seconds. PM2.5 cyclone and filter holder is then used to sample the primary + condensable PM onto a gravimetric filter. The standard sets certain limits for operation parameters when using this method. However, we suggest that tightening the ranges of allowed parameters would not overly complicate the use of the method, while potentially improving the repeatability. There are various configurations that can be used to meet the requirements of the standard. We would like to propose a system based on a mixing flow diluter + ejector pump. This type of a system can be optimized for size, allowing portability in industrial surroundings and feature accurate control of operation parameters. This system will be presented in this work.
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