신도시 중산층 아파트 지역에서의 하수발생량 및 절수 홍보 효과

金應鎬,許順哲,趙珍奎,黃煥國 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Both pattern of water use and pollutant load were investigated in the apartment area for the middle class of a new town. Especially the analysis of the effect of saving water under public information of saving water was used to search possible quantities of saving water. The results of this survey showed that each household had 3.84 persons with water use rate of 262 L/capitaㆍd on an average. The average domestic loading for COD, BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 107.5, 49.5, 50.1, 7.7 and 1.6 g/capitaㆍd, respectively. Water used by residential households consists of water for washing clothes, toilets, bath, showers, kitchen, washing up and sweeping. Among above sources toilet water (26%) occupied the largest component of residential water use. Also the reduction of total water use was 12.3% by public information of saving water.

제강전로슬래그를 활용한 고화하수슬러지의 매립특성 연구

李東禹,金應鎬,趙珍奎 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1998 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The landfill characteristics for solidified sewage sludge was compared with fine soil as intermediate cover material. The decomposition mechanism for fine soil and sewage sludge which was solidified with converter slag was predicted using lysimeter at same experimental conditions. COD, PH, VFA(??), T-N, and landfill gas products for the lysimeter #1, #2 and #3 which was packed with municipal solid waste have similar tendency with having no connection with types and thickness of intermediate cover material. But for the case of lysimeter #4 which was packed with solidified sewage sludge, pH and T-N were larger than lysimeter #1, #2 and #3, and COD was smaller than that. The same landfill characteristics was prediceted for the sewage sludge and fine soil, so the use of solidified sewage sludge as intermediate cover material has no problem in the viewpoint of landfill.

제강전로슬래그를 이용한 고화처리 하수슬러지의 중금속 용출 특성

김응호(Eoung Ho Kim),조진규(Jin Kyu Cho),허순철(Soon Cheol Heo) 한국물환경학회 1998 한국물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The hazard of heavy metals leached from the solidified sewage sludge by converter slag were estimated. Various curing methods and curing times were investigated. The Korean standard leaching method and Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure(TCLP) were compared. The sequential extraction leaching test for solidified sewage sludge by converter slag were also studied. The results show that the leaching of the metals was relatively independent of the curing method and the curing time for solidified sludge. The leachate Cd, Cr^(6+) and Pb concentrations were higher in TCLP than those in the Korean standard leaching method. The leachate Cu concentration, however, was higher in the Korean method than that in TCLP. In the sequential extraction leaching test, leachate Cd and Pb concentrations were low in high pH and alkalinity during initial extraction, but leachate concentrations increased gradually as the extraction steps increased. The tendency of leachate Cr^(6+) and Cu concentrations showed contrary to Cd and Pb concentrations. The leachate Cu concentrations were high in the case where quicklime was added. The results of all the leaching tests showed that the concentrations of leachate heavy metals were much lower than that in the Korea toxic waste criteria. Thus the hazard of the leaching of heavy metals caused by landfill of solidified sewage sludge by converter slag may be considered to be quite low.

제강전로(製鋼轉爐)슬래그를 이용한 하수소화슬러지의 고화처리

김응호,조진규 대한상하수도학회 1995 상하수도학회지 Vol.9 No.3

The feasibility study of using converter slag as a solidifying agent of digested sewage sludge cake has been performer. The availability of converter slag as solidifying agent has been investigated by several trial tests. Based on the trial test results, the optimum mixing ratios of sludge cake and solidification additive are estabilished. Finally the solidification characters of sludge cake are elucidated by SEM and EDS. It is ascertained that converter slag with a small amount of quicklime enhences the solidification. From the result of pH test, overall pH of specimens tends to decrease slowly with curing time. After solidifying specimens had been cured for 7 days, these are water-cured for 24 hours. The weight and strength of all the specimens are nearly the same regardless of the mixed ratios of solidifying agent. The result of leaching tests for four heavy metal ions, Cd, Cr^6+, Pb and Cu show that the leaching strength becomes below the decision criteria of the specific wastes, respectively. The SEM observation of the delicate structure shows that needlelike crystals appear after solidification which are not observed before. From the EDS analysis, it is found that the main ingredients of needlelike crystals are Ca, Si, Al and O.

정수분야 및 폐수처리분야 ( 물리화학적 처리 ) : 분말전로슬래그를 이용한 고농도 인폐수의 처리에 관한 연구

김응호,유기상 ( Eoung Ho Kim,Ki Sang Yoo ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 1996 학술연구발표회 논문초록집 Vol.1996 No.-

정석탈인법에서의 (晶析脫燐法) 정석재특성에 관한 비교 연구

김응호,임수빈 ( Eoung Ho Kim,Soo Bin Yim ) 한국물환경학회 1995 한국물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The characteristics of optimum seed crystals for phosphorus removal have been studied comparatively by a column reactor for the leaching test and the phosphorus removal test by crystallization. As seed materials, phosphorus rock, electron arc furnace slag, blast furnace slag and converter slag have been chosen. The converter slag shows the most leaching quantity of Ca^(2+) and OH ion among the above slags. The average phosphorus removal efficiencies of phosphorus rock, electron arc furnace slag, blast furnace slag and converter slag are 35.9%, 74.2%, 99.1%, 94.5% under 20, l7, 24 and 158 days water flowing condition, respectively. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that blast furnace slag and converter slag transform from amorphous to crystalline phase. The SEM observation reveals that the finely distributed cubical crystalline are formed on the surface of converter slag during the crystallization period. The composition ratio (=Ca/P) of crystalline analyzed by EDS mapping is found to be 1.97 which is determined to be hydroxyapatite. By comparing the 4 seed crystals in technical and economical aspects, it is concluded that the converter slag is the best seed material for phosphorus crystallization process.

분말 전로슬래그를 이용한 고농도 인폐수의 처리 특성

김응호,유기상,조진규 ( Eoung Ho Kim,Ki Sang Yoo,Jin Kyu Cho ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.4

A completely mixed batch system was used to investigate the effects of Ca^(2+), alkalinity and temperature on the phosphorus removal efficiency per specific surface area and the long-time phosphorus removal characteristics, when the converter slag powder was used for phosphorus removal. As alkalinity of wastewater increased, phosphorus removal rate and pH gradually decreased. It was because Ca^(2+), carbonate in wastewater were decreased by producing CaCO₃. Phosphorus removal rate increased in case of temperature and specific surface area increased. For a 80-hr mixing, 0.188 of Ca^(2+) was gushed out per 1g of converter slag. Among this 75.9% came out during first 48 hours and then the amount of Ca^(2+) and pH decreased, and the rate of phosphorus removal decreased significantly. In case of adding converter slag of 1W/V% passing through the 200 mesh at 20℃, a reactoin order m was about 1.055 and rate constant k was about 1.081 hr¹ in the equation of -dt/ dC=kC^m Also, when adding 0.5W/V%, m and k was about 1.42 and 1.0883( mg/L)^(0.42) hr¹, respectively.

정석탈인재인 입상 전로슬래그의 Ca2+ 이온 용출특성

김응호,허순철,조진규 ( Eoung Ho Kim,Soon Cheol Hur,Jin Kyu Cho ) 한국물환경학회 1997 한국물환경학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Calcium ion and pH of leachate from converter slag as phosphorus crystallizer were measured with respect to diameter and space velocity(SV) for stable crystallization. Since conventional crystallization process in municipal wastewater treatment requires calcium concentration over 70㎎/L and usually secondary effluent includes Caz^(2+) concentration of 40㎎/L, it must be leached above 30㎎/L from converter slag itself which is the critical concentration to judge the effective slag duration. Diameter of used slag was ranged from 0.4 to 2.0㎜. As the leaching pH of all slag media is over 11.0, the slag process needs the additional pH decreasing adjustment. When using below l.0㎜ diameter of slag media under the space velocity of 2hr^(-1), the effective duration lasted 40days. When using slag ranged from 0.42 to 2.0㎜ under the space velocity of lhr^(-1) and 2hr^(-1) , the effluent Ca^(2+) concentration maintained over 30㎎/L until 40days, but in case of SV of 3hr or above the critical 30㎎/L cannot be obtained from initial operation.

침지형막분리법과 응집체첨가활성슬러지법의 조합에 의한 하수중의 유기물 및 인제거 특성에 관한 연구

박재로(Jae Roh Park),김응호(Eoung Ho Kim) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The objective of this research is to show whether Alum-MBR (Membrane Bio-Reactor) system is a technically feasible and economically competitive process for organic and phosphorus removal of municipal sewage. In Alum-MBR system, organic material and phosphorus are removed by biological, chemical reaction and membrane separation mechanism. The advantages of Alum-MBR system were listed as high treability, easy maintanance and automatic operation. Membrane used in this system was polyethylene hollow fiber microfiltration which surface treated hydrophilic with a pore size of 0.1㎛ and surface area of 4㎡ and two module was immersed to aeration basin of 0.4㎥. Jar test was conducted to find out weather chemicals are suitable for phosphorus removal and optimal dosage rate of chemicals and back-up test in a small-scale pilot plant was conducted to confirm of removal effect of organic material and phosphorus. The operation conditions of Alum-MBR system were fixed at suction-idle time of l0min-5min, permeation flux of 0.015㎥/㎡/hr, aeration intensity of 300ℓ/㎥/min. As the result of dosing Alum into MBR, flux was stable and permeate pressure was bring down remarkably. T-P concentration of permeated water always lower than target water quality of l㎎/ℓ.

Fly Ash 를 이용한 하수슬러지의 고화처리에 관한 연구

조진규(Jin Kyu Cho),김성호(Sung Ho Kim),김응호(Eoung Ho Kim) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.6

This study was performed to evaluate feasibility of fly ash as a solidifying agent for the solidification of sewage sludge. The unconfined compressive strength and pH were observed with during time and mixing ratio, and heavy metal leaching test was performed. Also, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis was performed for the microstructure analysis of the solidified sewage sludge. Immaterial increase of unconfined compressive strength was shown for the sewage sludge mixed with fly ash as a solidifying agent, but the unconfined compressive strength was increased highly for the use of quicklime as a solidifying aid. So, It is possible to use fly ash as a solidifying agent mixed with a small quantity of quicklime. The results of leaching tests was shown that the concentrations of leachate heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr^(6+)) were lower than the Korea toxic waste criteria. The microstructure analysis by SEM was shown that needlelike crystals appeared as the solidification proceed. The analysis of these crystals by EDS confirmed that these main components were Ca, Si etc. Also, XRD analysis was shown that the main solidification products was CSH.