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Angelica S. Gonzalez-Garibay,Alfonso Lopez-Vazquez,Jesus Garcıa-Banuelos,Sergio Sanchez-Enrıquez,Ana S. Sandoval-Rodrıguez,Susana Del Toro Arreola,Miriam R. Bueno-Topete,Jose F. Munoz-Valle,Mercedes E 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.3
Excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) characteristic of obesity leads to a proinflammatory state disrupting the insulin signaling pathway, triggering insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation, the main processes contributing to obesity comorbidities. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid occurring in a variety of plant foods, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate UA effects on IR, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation in experimental diet-induced obesity. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5). One group was used for time 0. Three groups were labeled as OBE (control): receiving high-fat diet (HFD; fat content 45.24% of energy) during 3, 6, or 9 weeks; three groups UA-PREV: exposed to simultaneous HFD and UA during 3, 6, or 9 weeks to evaluate UA preventive effects; one group UA-REV: receiving HFD for 6 weeks, followed by simultaneous HFD and UA for three additional weeks to analyze UA reversal effects. Measurements were performed after 3, 6, or 9 weeks of treatment. Adiposity was calculated by weighing VAT after sacrifice. Serum markers were quantified through colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. VAT adipokines RNAm expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. UA significantly decreased adiposity, IR, hyperinsulinemia, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and also VAT mRNA expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-6, concomitantly increasing adiponectin levels. UA metabolic effects demonstrated in this study support its potential therapeutic utility to improve IR, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation observed in obesity and diabetes.
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Generalized height-diameter models for five pine species at Southern Mexico
Wenceslao Santiago-Garcıa,Antonio Heriberto Jacinto-Salinas,Gerardo Rodr ıguez-Ortiz,Adan Nava-Nava,Elıas Santiago-Garcıa,Gregorio Angeles-Perez,Jose Raymundo Enrıquez-del Valle 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.2
Generalized height-diameter at breast height (D) models are essential for the estimation of the timber stocks of a forest stand, as well as in the generation of base information to develop forest growth models, and as basic inputs in the development of forest management plans. Generalized models were developed to estimate total height (TH) based on the D and stand variables, of five Pinus species in forests under forest management of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The data used come from a timber forest inventory, where n = 1041 sampling plots of 1000 m2 each were established based on a stratified-systematic sampling design. The species selected according to their relative abundance were: Pinus patula, Pinus oaxacana, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus teocote and Pinus leiophylla. Five nonlinear equations were fitted using regression techniques to predict the TH of the trees under several silviculture regimes and forest management conditions. The statistical criteria of goodness of fit used were: adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute average bias in the prediction (Ē). Likewise, the graphic analysis of the predictive capacity of the equations was considered. The D and the stand variables (quadratic mean diameter, dominant diameter and dominant height) for these species explained between 75 and 83% of the variability of the TH data. The predicting variables to apply the developed generalized models to estimate tree's total height require less sampling effort and are derived from conventional forest inventory data, which allows to reduce costs and time in field work.
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