Effects of electrostimulation therapy in facial nerve palsy

Sommerauer, Laura,Engelmann, Simon,Ruewe, Marc,Anker, Alexandra,Prantl, Lukas,Kehrer, Andreas Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.3

Facial palsy (FP) is a functional disorder of the facial nerve involving paralysis of the mimic muscles. According to the principle "time is muscle," early surgical treatment is tremendously important for preserving the mimic musculature if there are no signs of nerve function recovery. In a 49-year-old female patient, even 19 months after onset of FP, successful neurotization was still possible by a V-to-VII nerve transfer and cross-face nerve grafting. Our patient suffered from complete FP after vestibular schwannoma surgery. With continuous application of electrostimulation (ES) therapy, the patient was able to bridge the period between the first onset of FP and neurotization surgery. The significance of ES for mimic musculature preservation in FP patients has not yet been fully clarified. More attention should be paid to this form of therapy in order to preserve the facial musculature, and its benefits should be evaluated in further prospective clinical studies.

A cobalt(<small>II</small>) iminoiodane complex and its scandium adduct: mechanistic promiscuity in hydrogen atom abstraction reactions

Kundu, Subrata,Chernev, Petko,Engelmann, Xenia,Chung, Chan Siu,Dau, Holger,Bill, Eckhard,England, Jason,Nam, Wonwoo,Ray, Kallol The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.37

<P>In addition to oxometal [Mn+=O] and imidometal [Mn+=NR] units, transient metal-iodosylarene [M(n- 2)+-O=IPh] and metal-iminoiodane [M(n- 2)+-N(R)=IPh] adducts are often invoked as a possible 'second oxidant' responsible for the oxo and imido group transfer reactivity. Although a few metal-iodosylarene adducts have been recently isolated and/or spectroscopically characterized, metal-iminoiodane adducts have remained elusive. Herein, we provide UV-Vis, EPR, NMR, XAS and DFT evidence supporting the formation of a metal-iminoiodane complex 2 and its scandium adduct 2-Sc. 2 and 2-Sc are reactive toward substrates in the hydrogen-atom and nitrene transfer reactions, which confirm their potential as active oxidants in metal-catalyzed oxidative transformations. Oxidation of para-substituted 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols by 2 and 2-Sc can occur by both coupled and uncoupled proton and electron transfer mechanisms; the exact mechanism depends on the nature of the para substituent.</P>

Investigating the cryopreservation of nodal explants of Lithodora rosmarinifolia (Ten.) Johnst., a rare, endemic Mediterranean species

Giuseppe Barraco,Isabelle Sylvestre,Giovanni Iapichino,Florent Engelmann 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.2

In this study, we investigated the possibility ofusing the droplet-vitrification technique for cryopreservingnodal segments of in vitro plantlets of the endangered plantspecies Lithodora rosmarinifolia. Among the three vitrificationsolutions tested, only solutions B1, containing (w/v)50 % glycerol and 50 % sucrose, and B3, containing 40 %glycerol and 40 % sucrose, were able to induce cryotolerancein nodal explants, resulting in intermediate survivaland recovery after cryopreservation. A three-step vitrificationprotocol, including an additional dehydration treatmentwith half-strength vitrification solution for 30 minbefore the treatment with full-strength vitrification solution,did not lead to any improvement in survival andrecovery compared with the two-step protocol. The optimalprotocol was the following: preculture of nodal segments inliquid medium with 0.3 M sucrose for 16 h and 0.7 Msucrose for 5 h, treatment for 20 min in loading solutioncontaining 1.9 M glycerol ? 0.5 M sucrose, dehydrationwith vitrification solution B1 (glycerol 50.0 %, sucrose50.0 %, w/v) for 60 min at room temperature, rapid coolingin minute droplets of vitrification solution, and rapidrewarming by immersion of nodal segments for 20 min inunloading solution containing 1.2 M sucrose. Under theseconditions, 33 % recovery of cryopreserved nodal explantswas achieved. Regrowth of cryopreserved samples wasrapid and direct. These results indicate that long-termstorage of L. rosmarinifolia by means of cryopreservationof nodal segments is possible, thereby contributing tosecuring the diversity of this rare and endangered plantspecies.

Investigating the cryopreservation of nodal explants of Lithodora rosmarinifolia (Ten.) Johnst., a rare, endemic Mediterranean species

Barraco, Giuseppe,Sylvestre, Isabelle,Iapichino, Giovanni,Engelmann, Florent 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.2

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using the droplet-vitrification technique for cryopreserving nodal segments of in vitro plantlets of the endangered plant species Lithodora rosmarinifolia. Among the three vitrification solutions tested, only solutions B1, containing (w/v) 50 % glycerol and 50 % sucrose, and B3, containing 40 % glycerol and 40 % sucrose, were able to induce cryotolerance in nodal explants, resulting in intermediate survival and recovery after cryopreservation. A three-step vitrification protocol, including an additional dehydration treatment with half-strength vitrification solution for 30 min before the treatment with full-strength vitrification solution, did not lead to any improvement in survival and recovery compared with the two-step protocol. The optimal protocol was the following: preculture of nodal segments in liquid medium with 0.3 M sucrose for 16 h and 0.7 M sucrose for 5 h, treatment for 20 min in loading solution containing 1.9 M glycerol + 0.5 M sucrose, dehydration with vitrification solution B1 (glycerol 50.0 %, sucrose 50.0 %, w/v) for 60 min at room temperature, rapid cooling in minute droplets of vitrification solution, and rapid rewarming by immersion of nodal segments for 20 min in unloading solution containing 1.2 M sucrose. Under these conditions, 33 % recovery of cryopreserved nodal explants was achieved. Regrowth of cryopreserved samples was rapid and direct. These results indicate that long-term storage of L. rosmarinifolia by means of cryopreservation of nodal segments is possible, thereby contributing to securing the diversity of this rare and endangered plant species.

Thermal analysis of garlic shoot tips during a vitrification procedure.

Kim, Haeng-Hoon,Yoon, Ju-Won,Kim, Jung-Bong,Engelmann, Florent,Cho, Eun-Gi Royal Veterinary College 2005 Cryo letters Vol.26 No.1

<P>The thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips was analyzed during the course of a vitrification protocol using the PVS3 vitrification solution. The size of shoot tips did not significantly influence the thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips. Though there was no significance, endo-thermal enthalpy from melting of crystalline ice increased as preculture duration increased to 6 days. Preculture on medium with 0.5 M sucrose significantly lowered exo- and endothermal enthalpies of dehydration-control shoot tips. By contrast, after dehydration with PVS3 solution, the concentration of sucrose in preculture medium had no significant effect on the value of enthalpies. A big thermal event was observed in garlic shoot tips air-dried for 1-3 h before dehydration. Both vitrification solution and dehydration duration significantly (P < 0.0001) influenced exo- and endothermal enthalpies. After dehydration with PVS1, PVS2, Fahy or Steponkus solutions for 120 min, only a small peak was detected in some shoot tips, but recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was low. Dehydration duration with PVS3 solution significantly (P < 0.0001) influenced exo- and endothermal enthalpies and onset temperatures during cooling and warming. After dehydration for 150 and 180 min with PVS3 vitrification solution, no crystallization was observed during cooling and warming in most replicates, and recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was highest (> 80%). There was a significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation between moisture content of shoot tips and concentration of sucrose and glycerol, and regeneration of cryopreserved shoot tips. By contrast, there was a significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between MC and enthalpy of ice melting, and onset temperature of crystallization. Overall, the results of the analysis of the thermal behavior of garlic shoot tips coincide very well with their recovery after cryopreservation and provide a very useful tool for the establishment and optimization of cryopreservation protocols.</P>

Cryopreservation of garlic germplasm collections using the droplet-vitrification technique.

Kim, Haeng-Hoon,Lee, Joung-Kwan,Hwang, Hae-Sung,Engelmann, Florent Royal Veterinary College 2007 Cryo letters Vol.28 No.6

<P>The droplet-vitrification protocol was applied to unripe inflorescences of plants of two Korean garlic collections, Danyang and Mokpo, to establish a cryopreserved germplasm collection. Garlic unripe inflorescences of the 59 accessions harvested at Danyang showed a mean survival of 83.3% and regeneration of 73.5% after cryopreservation. Unripe inflorescences of accessions cryopreserved at sub-optimal developmental stages displayed lower survival and/or regeneration. Of these 59 accessions, 53 were cryopreserved and stored for long-term conservation. In the Mokpo collection, unripe inflorescences of 149 accessions were cryopreserved, displaying a mean survival of 79.9% and regeneration of 78.2%. Of these 149 accessions, 116 were cryopreserved and stored for the long-term. A total of 252 accessions of five clonal Allium species, including garlic, were cryopreserved using unripe inflorescences, cloves or bulbils, with a mean survival of 80.9% survival and regeneration of 77.0%, from which 221 accessions were stored in liquid nitrogen for long-term conservation. The real-time quantitative, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay of several garlic viruses showed that virus concentration was much lower in plantlets originating from cryopreserved material, compared to plantlets originating from preculture control and dehydration control samples. These results demonstrate that large-scale implementation of cryopreservation of Allium germplasm is feasible and that it can result in the regeneration of virus-free or little infected material. These findings will strongly facilitate the conservation and international exchange of Allium germplasm.</P>

IMPLEMENTATION OF CRYOPRESERVATION FOR GARLIC GENETIC RESOURCES BY THE DROPLET VITRIFICATION PROCEDURE

Haeng-Hoon, K.,Yun-Keol, L.,Taesan, K.,Joung-Kwan, L.,Jae-Jun, J.,Sang-Sik, N.,Engelmann, F. International Society for Horticultural Science (I 2007 Acta horticulturae Vol.760 No.-

Development of alternative loading solutions in droplet-vitrification procedures.

Kim, H H,Lee, Y G,Park, S U,Lee, S C,Baek, H J,Cho, E G,Engelmann, F Royal Veterinary College 2009 Cryo letters Vol.30 No.4

<P>In plant vitrification protocols, the loading treatment, which involves treating the explants with a moderately concentrated cryoprotectant solution, precedes dehydration of explants with highly concentrated vitrification solutions in order to reduce the toxicity which can be induced by their direct exposure to such highly concentrated solutions. This study aimed at developing alternative loading solutions composed of mixtures of glycerol and sucrose at various concentrations. Differential scanning calorimetry runs of loading solutions and of loaded and dehydrated explants were performed to assay thermal events occurring during cooling and warming. These loading solutions were applied to two model species, viz. garlic and chrysanthemum which were cryopreserved using a droplet-vitrification procedure. The loading treatment proved to be beneficial to both garlic and chrysanthemum and increased recovery of cryopreserved explants. However, response to the loading solutions tested varied between the two model species employed: with garlic, all the loading solutions had a similar effect, whereas survival of chrysanthemum shoot tips was significantly influenced by the composition of the loading solution employed. A loading solution comprising 1.9 M glycerol and 0.5 M sucrose was the most effective. The loading treatment may thus act as an osmotic stress neutralizer and/or induce the physiological adaptation of tissues and cells, including membranes, to both dehydration and freezing.</P>

CRYOPRESERVATION OF CULTIVATED AND WILD POTATO VARIETIES BY DROPLET VITRIFICATION PROCEDURE

Ju-Won, Y.,Haeng-Hoon, K.,Eun-Gi, C.,Ho-Cheol, K.,Hae-Sung, H.,Young-Eun, P.,Engelmann, F. International Society for Horticultural Science 2007 Acta Horticulturae Vol.- No.760

Cryopreservation of potato cultivated varieties and wild species: critical factors in droplet vitrification.

Kim, H H,Yoon, J W,P, Y E,Cho, E G,Sohn, J K,Kim, T K,Engelmann, F Royal Veterinary College 2006 Cryo letters Vol.27 No.4

<P>The applicability of cryopreservation protocols to a broad range of genotypes is a key issue for genebanks. We tried to identify the critical factors causing differences in survival of cryopreserved shoot tips using potato varieties coming from cultivated and wild species. The droplet-vitrification method, a combination of droplet-freezing and solution-based vitrification, was selected from several protocols. High survival after freezing was observed after dehydration with PVS2 for 20 min, cooling shoot tips placed in a droplet of PVS2 solution on aluminum foil strips by immersing the foil strips in liquid nitrogen, warming them by plunging the foil strips into a 0.8 M sucrose solution (at 40 degrees C) for 30 s and unloading in 0.8 M sucrose for 30 min. This optimized protocol was successfully applied to 12 accessions with survival ranging between 64.0 and 94.4%.</P>