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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah (검색결과 3 건)
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Hypotheses on the Diachronic Development of the Akan Language Group
Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah 세종대학교 언어연구소 2016 Journal of Universal Language Vol.17 No.1
There is controversy over the use of the term Akan by reason of the fact that it has both linguistic and ethnographic semantic readings. Not all the Akan people speak the Akan language and not all those who speak Akan as mother tongue can be technically classified as Akan people since some of their cultural practices deviate from that which sets the Akan people apart from other ethnic groups in Ghana and the West African sub-region in general. Hence, we begin this paper by telling between the ethnographic Akan and linguistic Akan in the cause of educating the target readership about who the speakers of the Akan language are and/ or are not. We also establish seven vowels as constituents of the *Proto-Akan vocalic inventory. This study is mainly based on evidence from the Akan synchronic phonology in respect of selected varieties of that language group which unquestionably represent all the varieties of the language group including those that are not mentioned in this study. We have asserted that *Proto-Akan had thirteen consonants in its segmental catalogue and also provided pieces of evidence from both synchronic Akan and English lexemes borrowed into the Akan Language Group to give credence to our hypothesis that all consonants apart from the 13 *proto ones developed into the language group through miscellaneous phonological processes. All analytical discussions in this paper have been done within the theories of comparative method and internal reconstruction.
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Vowel Replacement Patterns in the Mfantse Dialect of Akan
Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah 세종대학교 언어연구소 2013 Journal of Universal Language Vol.14 No.2
This paper investigates synchronic vowel replacement patterns in the Mfantse dialect of Akan. Hitherto, the Akan vowel harmony system has been the only aspect of vowel replacement process that has received extensive study in the literature, albeit a variety of ways by which vowel replacement comes about in the language exists. In this paper, therefore, we have organised V-replacement into vertical and horizontal vowel shifts. The vertical vowel shift has been subcategorized into upward and downward shifts which may also be referred to as vowel raising and vowel lowering, respectively. The direction of horizontal V shifting system is also parametric whereby a trigger vowel may spread leftwards or rightwards to a target vowel on its left or right, respectively. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated in this paper that a consonant might ostensibly condition vowel replacements in Mfantse but, in reality, such replacements are often brought about by floating vowels. This does not obscure the fact that labial and labial palatalized glides in Mfantse invariably induce replacement of the vowels that precede them.
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On Tone and Morphophonology of the Akan Reduplication Construction
Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah 세종대학교 언어연구소 2015 Journal of Universal Language Vol.16 No.1
Reduplication in Akan has received some discussion in theliterature but all the studies have concentrated on some aspects of segmental processes that operate on the base to generate the output. In this paper, we study the morphological, segmental and tonal processes related to reduplicative construction in Akan. We demonstrate that on the basis of tonal perturbations which bases and reduplicative templates undergo, and the output tone melody of the reduplicated form vis-à-vis the tone melody of the base, we are able to tell the base from the reduplicant in the Akan reduplicative structure. We argue in the central portions of this paper that the reduplicant in Akan could be either prefixed or suffixed to the base and, in the course of further reduplication construction, it could be sited within the two constituenttokens of the original reduplicative output which serves as an unmarked base for further reduplication. This piece of information counterexemplifies the assertion in the existing literature that in the Akan reduplication construction, the reduplicant is invariably prefixed to the base. In this paper, we study reduplication of verbs, adjectives, nouns, and lexical reduplication and demonstrate that words belonging to the same class behave tonally the same.
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