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Emma Campbell 한국학술연구원 2011 Korea Observer Vol.42 No.1
This article argues that Australia must consider the changing attitudes of young people in South Korea toward nationalism, identity and unification when formulating Australian-Korean security and foreign policy. Through an in-depth examination of the South Korean youth and student movement and young people’s changing attitudes to North Korea and unification, I suggest that a change in the nature of nationalism has occurred — a shift from a nationalism based on a peninsula-wide concept of nation, to the emergence of a South Korean nationalism. This has important consequences for policy-makers trying to understand events in South Korea, the Korean peninsula, and wider Northeast Asian region. The evidence for this article comes from the analysis of survey data from the mid-1980s to the present day. For the most part, the survey data used in the analysis is translated and presented in English for the first time. The surveys are informed by face to face interviews with over 60 South Korean students from across the country. These took place in 2009 and 2010 during fieldwork carried out by the author.
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Generation of mtDNA Homoplasmic Cloned Lambs
Lee, Joon-Hee,Peters, Amy,Fisher, Pat,Bowles, Emma J.,St. John, Justin C.,Campbell, Keith H. S. Mary Ann Liebert 2010 Cellular reprogramming Vol.12 No.3
<P>Abstract Generally in mammals, individual animals contain only maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as paternal (sperm)-derived mitochondria are usually eliminated during early development. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) bypasses the normal routes of mtDNA inheritance and introduces not only a different nuclear genome into the recipient cytoplast (in general an enucleated oocyte) but also somatic mitochondria. Differences in mtDNA genotype between recipient oocytes and potential mtDNA heteroplasmy due to persistence and replication of somatic mtDNA means that offspring generated by SCNT are not true clones. However, more importantly, the consequences of the presence of somatic mtDNA, mtDNA heteroplasmy, or possible incompatibility between nuclear and mtDNA genotypes on subsequent development and function of the embryo, fetus and offspring are unknown. Following sexual reproduction, mitochondrial function requires the biparental control of maternally inherited mtDNA, whereas following SCNT incompatibility between the recipient cell mitochondrial and transplanted nuclear genomes, or mtDNA heteroplasmy, may result in energy imbalance and initiate the onset of mtDNA-type disease, or disruption of normal developmental events. To remove the potentially adverse effects of somatic mtDNA following SCNT we have previously produced embryos using donor cells depleted to residual levels of mtDNA (mtDNA(R)). We now report that these cells support development to term and produced live lambs in which no donor somatic mtDNA was detected, the lambs being homoplasmic for recipient oocyte DNA.</P>
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