Antitumor and biological investigation of doubly cyclometalated ruthenium(<small>II</small>) organometallics derived from benzimidazolyl derivatives

Elumalai, Palani,Jeong, Yong Joon,Park, Dae Won,Kim, Dong Hwan,Kim, Hyunuk,Kang, Se Chan,Chi, Ki-Whan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton transactions Vol.45 No.15

<P>In this study, we report the synthesis, anticancer and biological properties of three doubly cyclometalated phenylbenzimidazole derived ruthenium(II) organometallics (1-3) and their corresponding three organic ligands. The structures of 1-3 were fully characterized by various analytical techniques, and the meso stereoisomer of the doubly cyclometalated ruthenacycle 3 was unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The anticancer effects of the newly synthesized compounds were tested against selected human cancer cell lines AGS (gastric carcinoma), SK-hep-1 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and HCT-15 (colorectal carcinoma). The growth inhibitory effects of ruthenacycles 1-3 on cancer cells were found to be considerably more effective against the abovementioned cancer cells than the reference drug oxaliplatin. Compound 2 exhibited a more specific effect on the AGS cells. Gene-fishing and ELISA array were performed to analyze the target genes and cytokine secretion by 2. As a result, a significant reduction was observed in RPS21 by 2. Moreover, 2 increased the secretion of cytokines such as IFN. in macrophages and reduced the release of cytokines such as rantes and IGF-1. These results show that 2 could be a very good anticancer drug through the regulation of the RPS21 gene and cytokines.</P>

Red yeast rice fermentation with Bacillus subtilis B2 under blue light-emitting diodes increases antioxidant secondary products (Manuscript ID: BPBSE-18-0387)

Elumalai, Punniyakotti,Park, Yool-Jin,Cho, Min,Shea, Patrick J.,Oh, Byung-Taek Springer-Verlag 2019 BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.42 No.4

Review on Molecular and Chemopreventive Potential of Nimbolide in Cancer

Elumalai, Perumal,Arunakaran, Jagadeesan Korea Genome Organization 2014 Genomics & informatics Vol.12 No.4

Cancer is the most dreaded disease in human and also major health problem worldwide. Despite its high occurrence, the exact molecular mechanisms of the development and progression are not fully understood. The existing cancer therapy based on allopathic medicine is expensive, exhibits side effects; and may also alter the normal functioning of genes. Thus, a non-toxic and effective mode of treatment is needed to control cancer development and progression. Some medicinal plants offer a safe, effective and affordable remedy to control the cancer progression. Nimbolide, a limnoid derived from the neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and flowers of neem, is widely used in traditional medical practices for treating various human diseases. Nimbolide exhibits several pharmacological effects among which its anticancer activity is the most promising. The previous studies carried out over the decades have shown that nimbolide inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the molecular targets that contribute to the observed anticancer activity of nimbolide related to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest; and inhibition of signaling pathways related to cancer progression.

Tree Diversity Changes over a Decade (2003-2013) in Four Inland Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest Sites on the Coromandel Coast of India

Elumalai Pandian,Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Forest tree diversity inventory and its periodical monitoring are important to understand changes in tree population structure and to provide information useful for biodiversity conservation and reserve management. In a long-term forest dynamics program in Indian tropical dry evergreen forest, this communication deals with tree diversity changes at decadal interval. The initial inventory of tree diversity was carried out in 2003, in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites - (much disturbed sites Shanmuganathapuram - SP and Araiyapatti - AP and moderately disturbed sites - Karisakkadu - KR and Maramadakki - MM) on the Coromandel Coast of peninsular India, by establishing four 1ha permanent plots, one in each site. In 2013, the four plots were re-inventoried for tree diversity (≥10 cm gbh) changes which yielded 56 species from 46 genera and 26 families. The studied forest sites are threatened by disturbance due to multiple reasons; cutting of trees inside of the forest, grazing by goats, construction of temple approach road, and some aspects cultural attachment of local people like constructing new, additional strctures of temple by denuding a portion of forest etc.. Tree species richness over a decade increased by four species in site SP, two species in site AP, and one species in site KR, but decreased by one species in site MM. Tree density decreased drastically by 480 (28.92%) and 102 (12.63%) stems ha-1 respectively in sites SP and AP, but moderately increased by 82 (12.09%) stems ha-1 in site KR and 26 (3.46%) stems ha-1 in site MM. Tree basal area declined in site KR from 21.6 m2 to 20.26 m2 ha-1 and in site SP from 21.1 to 20.38 m2 ha-1, but increased from 19.1 m2 to 19.43 m2 and from 15.5 to 18.63 m2 ha-1 in sites AP and MM respectively. Three tree species (Allophylus serratus, Maytenus emarginata and Ehretia pubescens) were lost out of the 57 species recorded in 2003, and two species (Jatropha gossypiifolia and Streblus asper) were new additions in ten years. The long-term forest monitoring data will be valuable to understand forest dynamics and for conservation and management of this and similar tropical forests.

BEST APPROXIMATION SETS IN LINEAR 2-NORMED SPACES

ELUMALAI, S.,CHO, Y. J.,KIM, S. S. 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, we give some properties of the sets D_z(χ_0, G), P_G,_z(χ). We also provide the relation between P_G,_z(χ) and Gateaux derivatives.

Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies using Shemamruthaa, a Modified Indigenous Siddha Preparation, in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Elumalai Nandhakumar,Ayyakkannu Purushothaman,Panchanadham Sachdanandam 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.1

Shemamruthaa (SM), an indigenous herbalformulation (Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers, Phyllanthusemblica, and pure honey) in a definite ratio was analyzedusing acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute toxicity study for 72 h showed noadverse effects in behavior or mortality at a dosage of 75-2,000 mg/kg of BW. The sub-acute toxicity study at 50,100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of BW for 30 days showedtransient rises in the white blood cell count, and levels ofhemoglobin, free fatty acids, high density lipoproteins, andcholesterol, and a significant decrease in the blood glucose,cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and LDL levels. Other parameters remained unchanged. Changes observedwere significant only at the highest dosage of 500 mg/kgBW. These results proved that the drug SM is safe and nottoxic.

Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Efficiency of Indian Dairy Industry

Elumalai Kannan,Pratap S. Birthal 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2010 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.17 No.1

India is the largest producer of milk, and milk is the second largest agricultural commodity after rice in terms of its contribution to agricultural gross domestic product. Having achieved selfsufficiency in milk production, the emphasis now is shifting towards value addition to improve the share of dairy products in global trade, which hitherto has remained negligible. Most of the Indian dairy products are not export competitive. The lack of competitiveness is often attributed to inefficiency in the processing industry. Further, the international diary markets, remains distorted due to protectionist policies followed in the developed world. Under such a situation India has a daunting task to make its presence felt in the world market. Using data from Annual Survey of Industries, this study has analyzed the effects of trade liberalization on performance of dairy industry. Technical and scale efficiency were estimated using non-parametric approach called Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The effect of economic reforms on dairy industry was measured in terms of association between the effective protection coefficient and performance indicators of the industry. Except the employment, other indicators such as gross output, net value added, capital and labour productivity and technical and scale efficiency were negatively correlated with the protection level. This indicates that dismantling the protection structures would help improve the performance of the dairy industry.

In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extract of Annona squamosa (L.) Fruit Pulp

Elumalai Nandhakumar,Parameswaran Indumathi 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.3

The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the fruit of Annona squamosa by means of in vitro studies involving two different solvent extracts: methanol and aqueous. The antioxidant properties of the extract were determined by scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (O₂-), hydroxyl radical (OHㆍ), reducing power and total antioxidant. The results showed that, compared to aqueous extract, a methanolic fruit extract of A squamosa has a higher percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity (97.99%), LPO (94.15%), NO scavenging activity (70.96%), O₂- scavenging activity and OHㆍ scavenging activity (78.68% and 85.25%, respectively), total antioxidant activity (206 µg α-tocopherol/g) and reducing power (56.0 µg of ascorbic acid/g). The results obtained in the in vitro models clearly suggest that methanol extract has higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract due to a higher presence of phenolic and flavonodal constituents in the methanol extract.

BEST APPROXIMATION SETS IN LINEAR 2-NORMED SPACES

Elumalai, S.,Cho, Y.J.,Kim, S.S Korean Mathematical Society 1997 대한수학회논문집 Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, we give some properties of the sets $D_z(x_o, G)P_{G, z}(x)$. We also provide the relation between $P_{G, z}(x)$ and G$\hat{a}$teaux derivatives.

Recovery of dye from textile effluents using phenol as an extractant

S. Elumalai,G. Muthuraman,M. Sathya,M. Soniya,T.T. Teng 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

The extraction behavior of cationic dye namely Rhodamine B (RB) from acidic aqueous solution has been investigated using phenol in xylene as a carrier. The maximum extraction efficiency of RB from aqueous solution was found to be at pH 1.0 ± 0.1. The extraction of dye increases with increasing phenol concentration in organic phase. The other influencing parameters were also examined; effect of pH in feed phase, phenol concentration in organic phase, effect of diluents, effect of inorganic salts, acid concentration in strip phase and stripping phase ratio. Real effluent was also extracted and found to give satisfactory result.