동아시아에서의 HIV/AIDS 역학

신소연,최준용,김영근,박윤선,김연아,김명수,송영구,Shuzo Matsshita,Taisheng Li,Hsi-Hsun Lin,Patrick Li,김준명,동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East-Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV) 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

목적 : 최근 동아시아에서의 HIV 감염자 수의 급속한 증가는 여러 가지 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 따라서 이지역에서의 HIV/AIDS 역학에 대해서 정확한 조명 및 분석이 무엇보다 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV)를 통하여 동아시아 HIV/AIDS 유행의 시작, 변천 및 현황에 관하여 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 동아시아에 HIV/AIDS가 처음 유입된 1984년부터 2005년까지 한국, 일본, 중국, 대만, 홍콩의 HIV/AIDS 관련 역학 자료를 동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV)를 통하여 수집하고 분석하였다. 결과 : 동아시아에서의 HIV/AIDS 유행은 1980년대 중반에 시작되었다. 2005년 말까지 한국에서는 3,829명, 일본에서는 7,078명(혈우병 환자 제외), 대만에서는 10,423명,홍콩에서는 2,825명의 HIV 감염자가 보고되 었으며, 중국에서는 141,241명이 보고되었으나 실제로는 84만명 이상의 감염자가 존재할 것으로 추정하고 있다. 주사마약사용, 혈장매매, 성접촉에 의한 감염이 주를 이루고 있으며, 감염자중 남자가 많고 20-30대가 다수를 차지하였다. 중국이나 대만의 경우에는 최근 감염자 수가 급증하고 있으며 주사마약사용에 의한 감염이 주로 문제가 되고 있는 반면, 한국, 일본, 홍콩의 경우에는 남성동성애자에 의한 전파가 주가 되고 있다. 동아시아에서 유행하는 HIV의 주 아형은 B, C, CRFO1_AE 형이며, 최근에는 CRF07_BC형이 확산되고 있다. 결론 : 동아시아의 HIV 감염률은 빠르게 증가하며, 또한 HIV/AIDS 역학도 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이 지역의 유행은 중국이 부분적으로 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. Background : Recent predictions of catastrophic epidemic surge of HIV infection in East Asia concern experts and governmental organizations. As in many other areas, countries in East Asia show diversities in their HIV epidemics, both geographically and temporally. However, they have similar regional, cultural and racial characteristics which allow them to have certain common factors. Having a clear picture of the current extent and feature of HIV/AIDS in this region is a very difficult task largely due to the fast pacing of expending epidemic and difficulty in data-sharing among countries in the region. Hence, we decided to study the epidemiologic feature of HIV/AIDS in East Asia through East Asia Network on HIV (EAN-HIV). Materials and Methods : The epidemiological patterns of HIV/AIDS in East Asian countries were investigated by collecting data through EAN-HIV. Results : The HIV/AIDS epidemic in East Asia started relatively late at mid 1980s. Since then, the number of newly infected HIV/AIDS cases has been steadily increasing with stiffer escalation in recent years. In China and Taiwan, IDU plays an important part in the swiftly growing HIV epidemics; however, in other regions like Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong, MSM (men who have sex with men) seems to be more of a problem. The major subtypes of HIV in East Asia are subtype B, C, and CRF01_AE, and rapidly evolving circulating recombinant forms (CRF) between subtypes such as CRF07_BC give dynamic change to the current status. Conclusion : The incidence of HIV/AIDS is rapidly increasing in East Asia. The epidemic pattern has undergone dynamic changes over time. China seems to be the leading source of HIV/AIDS epidemic in East Asia due to its large population and rapidly growing epidemics.

EASSDA newsletter Mar. 2023 Vol. 1

ESSDA(East Asian Social Survey(편집자) EASSDA(East Asian Social Survey Data Archive) 2023 EASSDA Vol.- No.-

TOWARDS AN EAST ASIAN COMMUNITY : Region of Peace, Prosperity and Progress 평화, 번영, 진보의 동아시아

EAST ASIAN VISION GROUP 고려대학교一民국제관계연구원 2002 국제관계연구 Vol.6 No.1

동아시아 비전그룹(EAVG)은 동아시아 민간지식인들이 폭넓게 참여하여, 21세기 동아시아의 중·장기 협력을 위한 비전수립과 급변하는 지역 및 국제정세에 능동적으로 대처할 새로운 지역협력 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로, 1998년 12월 하노이에서 개최된 ASEAN+3 (한국, 중국, 일본) 정상회담에서 김대중 대통령이 제안하였다. 1999년 10월 서울에서 제1차 회의를 개최한 이래, 동아시아 비전그룹멤버들(ASEAN+3 13개국에서 각 2명으로 구성됨)은 지난 2년 동안 5번에 걸친 일련의 포괄적인 회의들을 통해 동아시아를 국가 간 지역으로부터 명실상부한 지역 협력체, 즉 평화, 번영 그리고 진보를 향해 협력해 나가는 공동체로 발전시켜나가야 한다는데 의견을 모으고 이를 위한 구체적인 논의를 진행시켰다. 그 결과 멤버들은 동아시아 경제/금융, 정치/안보, 환경/에너지, 사회/문화/교육 등 제반 분야에 대한 역내 국가간 협력을 위한 핵심과제와 제안을 만들어 냈다. 또한 멤버들은 동아시아 협력과정이 정부 간 노력뿐 아니라 보다 광범위한 사회공동체, 그리고 지역주민들을 포함한 NGO/시민사회의 노력이 병행되어야 함을 강조하였다. 덧붙여 멤버들은 동아시아 협력이 기존의 국제기구나 지역협력기구들의 임무나 업적을 되풀이하는 것이 아니라 이들과의 긴밀한 파트너십을 통해 역내 협력을 공고히 해야 한다는 데 합의하였다. 요약하자면 동아시아 비전그룹의 임무는 동아시아 국가들의 보다 나은 협력을 위한 이슈들을 제기하고 중·장기적 비전을 고안해내는 데 있으며, 2001년 11월 ASEAN+3 정상회의에 제출된 <동아시아 비전그룹 보고서>에는 ASEAN+3의 연례 정상회담을 "동아시아 정상회담"으로 발전시키는 것과 "동아시아 협력포럼"을 설립하자는 제안 등이 포함되어 있다.

모유수유와 지능과의 연관성에 대한 최근 임상연구 동향

경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 소아과학교실(Graduate school of East-West Medical Science Kyung Hee University),경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의과학과 한의과(Oriental Medical Science, East-West Medical Science),이지나(Ji Na Lee),강성한(Sung Han Kang) 대한모유수유한의학회 2016 대한모유수유한의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on Association between Breast Feeding and Intelligence in Korea and other countries. We have analyzed the studies on Association between Breast Feeding and Intelligence within cohort study for 5 years (from 2011 to 2015). Methods: The search database includes Oasis, KTKP (Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: ‘Breast Feeding, intelligence, development’. The search was limited to the publication date from 2011 to 2015. 9 Cohort study and 1 cross-sectional study were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions: Eight of the nine cohort studies were significantly higher in the breastfeeding group, While the other study concluded that breastfeeding was higher in breastfeeding group, but not significantly different from breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding. Breast Feeding is related to improved performance in intelligence tests. The longer you breastfeed, the higher intelligence will be.

Center for the Art of East Asia in the University of Chicago

Center for the Art of East Asia in the University of Chicago 경성대학교 한국한자연구소 2012 한자연구 Vol.0 No.6

歷史的 記錄으로서의 地理學

East, W. G.,邢基柱 서울대학교 사범대학 지리학회 1962 地理 Vol.1962 No.2

Colonoscopic Cancer Surveillance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What’s New Beyond Random Biopsy?

James E. East 대한소화기내시경학회 2012 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.45 No.3

Colonoscopy based colitis surveillance is widely accepted to try to prevent development of and ensure early detection of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Traditionally this has been performed with quadrantic random biopsies throughout the colon. Chromoendoscopy “dye-spray” with targeted biopsies only has been shown to increase dysplasia detection 4 to 5 fold on a per lesion basis. It has therefore been suggested that random biopsies should be abandoned as they do not increase dysplasia detection nor change patient clinical course. Recent British guidelines for colitis surveillance have strongly endorsed chromoendoscopy. This short review summarizes current international guidelines and looks at how to optimize white light colonoscopy in colitis considering: bowel preparation, withdrawal time,high definition, and structure enhancement. Data for advanced imaging techniques are reviewed including positive evidence in favor of chromoendoscopy, and limited data suggesting autofluoresence imaging may be promising. Narrow band imaging does not increase dysplasia detection in colitis. Confocal endomicroscopy might potentially reduce biopsies beyond that of chromoendoscopy but does not offer a clear detection advantage. Pan-colonic chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies increases dysplasia detection and is the standard of care in the United Kingdom. It is likely that the use of chromoendoscopy for colitis surveillance will become widely accepted internationally.

유방울혈의 대체의학적 치료에 대한 임상 연구 동향

경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의과학과 한의과(Oriental Medical Science, East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science Kyung Hee University),경희대학교 대학원 임상한의학과 소아과학교실(Pediatrics of Clinical Korean Med 대한모유수유한의학회 2016 대한모유수유한의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical studies on effect of alternative treatment on breast engorgement. We have analyzed the studies on effect of chilled cabbage leaves, acupuncture, Gua-sha therapy for breast engorgement within case study and randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: The search database includes Oasis, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: ‘breast-feeding , ‘breast engorgement , ‘breast inflammatory . Before and after study and 6 control studies were selected for analysis. Results and Conclusions: 1. Chilled cabbage therapy is more effective than breast care, but not significantly different from chilled gelpaks and placebo cream. 2. Hollyhock leaf compress is effective on relieving breast engorgement. 3. The acupuncture treatment is helpful for breast engorgement. 4. Gua-Sha therapy may be used as an effective technique in the management of breast engorgement.

Optimal Endoscopic Treatment and Surveillance of Serrated Polyps

Vipin Gupta,James E. East 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.4

Serrated polyps are considered precursor lesions that account for 15% to 30% of colorectal cancers, and they are overrepresented as a cause of interval cancers. They are difficult to detect and resect comprehensively; however, recent data suggest that high definition endoscopy, chromoendoscopy (via spray catheter, pump or orally), narrow band imaging, split-dose bowel preparation and a slower withdrawal (>6 minutes) can all improve detection. Cold snare resection is effective and safe for these lesions, including cold snare piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection, which is likely to become the standard of care for lesions >10 mm in size. Sessile serrated lesions ≥10 mm in size, those exhbiting dysplasia, or traditional serrated adenomas increase the chance of future advanced neoplasia. Thus, a consensus is emerging: a surveillance examination at 3 years should be recommended if these lesions are detected. Serrated lesions likely carry equivalent risk to adenomas, so future guidelines may consider serrated class lesions and adenomas together for risk stratification. Patients with serrated polyposis syndrome should undergo surveillance every 1 to 2 years once the colon is cleared of larger lesions, and their first degree relatives should undergo screening every 5 years starting at age 40.

Climatology of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles in Ionospheric Connection Explorer/Far-UltraViolet (ICON/FUV) Limb Images

Park, Jaeheung,Mende, Stephen B.,Eastes, Richard W.,Frey, Harald U. The Korean Space Science Society 2022 Journal of astronomy and space sciences Vol.39 No.3

The Far-UltraViolet (FUV) imager onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) spacecraft provides two-dimensional limb images of oxygen airglow in the nightside low-latitude ionosphere that are used to determine the oxygen ion density. As yet, no FUV limb imager has been used for climatological analyses of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). To examine the potential of ICON/FUV for this purpose, we statistically investigate small-scale (~180 km) fluctuations of oxygen ion density in its limb images. The seasonal-longitudinal variations of the fluctuation level reasonably conform to the EPB statistics in existing literature. To further validate the ICON/FUV data quality, we also inspect climatology of the ambient (unfiltered) nightside oxygen ion density. The ambient density exhibits (1) the well-known zonal wavenumber-4 signatures in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) and (2) off-equatorial enhancement above the Caribbean, both of which agree with previous studies. Merits of ICON/FUV observations over other conventional data sets are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we suggest possible directions of future work, e.g., synergy between ICON/FUV and the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission.