Comparative analysis of testis transcriptomes in laboratory cohorts of recently diverged allopatric Drosophila nasuta nasuta and Drosophila nasuta albomicans

DSouza Stafny Melony,Ponnanna Koushik,Ramachandra Nallur Basappa 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Expression divergence, primarily defined as the proportion of differentially expressed genes, is one of the key parameters in assessing the evolutionary dynamics of diverging species. Most contributions toward expression differences between species and sexes come from testis tissue, which is the repertoire of rapidly diverging genes that can have a direct impact on speciation. To address the evolutionary dynamics among recently diverged Drosophila species, we analyzed testis transcriptomes of two members of nasuta subgroup of the immigrans species group: Drosophila nasuta nasuta and Drosophila nasuta albomicans. Using RNA-Seq and de novo assembly approach, we found that 96% of the transcriptome exhibited a conserved pattern of gene expression, typical of the recently diverged species’. The 4% of the characterized transcriptomes showing expression divergence had no influence of coding sequence variations. Four of the orthologous testicular genes are under relaxed positive selection, and the remaining 98% (n = 597) exhibit strong purifying selection irrespective of their expression patterns. Overall, our analyses suggest that the recent divergence of this closely related species pair has had a minimal impact on coding sequences and their expression, thereby providing useful insights into early stages of species divergence.

Projection of Burden of Cancer Mortality for India, 2011-2026

Dsouza, Neevan D.R.,Murthy, N.S.,Aras, R.Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7

Projection of load of cancer mortality helps in quantifying the burden of cancer and is essential for planning cancer control activities. As per our knowledge, there have not been many attempts to project the cancer mortality burden at the country level in India mainly due to lack of data on cancer mortality at the national and state level. This is an attempt to understand the magnitude of cancer mortality problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals. Age, sex and site-wise specific cancer mortality data along with populations covered by the registries were obtained from the report of National Cancer Registry Programme published by Indian Council of Medical Research for the period 2001-2004. Pooled age sex specific cancer mortality rates were obtained by taking weighted average of these six registries with respective registry populations as weights. The pooled mortality rates were assumed to represent the country's mortality rates. Populations of the country according to age and sex exposed to the risk of cancer mortality in different calendar years were obtained from the report of Registrar General of India providing population projections for the country for the years from 2011 to 2026. Population forecasts were combined with the pooled mortality rates to estimate the projected number of cancer mortality cases by age, sex and site of cancer at various 5-yearly periods Viz. 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. The projections were carried out for the various cancer-leading sites as well as for 'all sites' of cancer. The results revealed that an estimated 0.44 million died due to cancer during the year 2011, while 0.51 million and 0.60 million persons are likely to die from cancer in 2016 and 2021. In the year 2011 male mortality was estimated to be 0.23 million and female mortality to be 0.20 million. The estimated cancer mortality would increase to 0.70 million by the year 2026 as a result of change in size and composition of population. In males increase will be to 0.38 millions and in females to 0.32 millions. Among women, cancer of the breast, cervical and ovary account for 34 percent of all cancer deaths. The leading sites of cancer mortality in males are lung, oesophagus, prostrate and stomach. The above results show a need for commitment for tackling cancer by reducing risk factors and strengthening the existing screening and treatment facilities.

Projection of Cancer Incident Cases for India - Till 2026

Dsouza, Neevan D.R.,Murthy, N.S.,Aras, R.Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7

Projection of cancer incidence is essential for planning cancer control actions, health care and allocation of resources. Here we project the cancer burden at the National and State level to understand the magnitude of cancer problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals. The age, sex and site-wise cancer incidence data along with populations covered by the registries were obtained from the report of National Cancer Registry Programme published by Indian Council of Medical Research for the period 2001-2004. Pooled age sex specific cancer incidence rates were obtained by taking weighted averages of these seventeen registries with respective registry populations as weights. The pooled incidence rates were assumed to represent the country's incidence rates. Populations of the country according to age and sex exposed to the risk of development of cancer in different calendar years were obtained from the report of Registrar General of India providing population projections for the country for the years from 2001 to 2026. Population forecasts were combined with the pooled incidence rates to estimate the projected number of cancer cases by age, sex and site of cancer at various 5-yearly periods Viz. 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. The projections were carried out for the various leading sites as well as for 'all sites' of cancer. In India, in 2011, nearly 1,193,000 new cancer cases were estimated; a higher load among females (603,500) than males (589,800) was noted. It is estimated that the total number of new cases in males will increased from 0.589 million in 2011 to 0.934 million by the year 2026. In females the new cases of cancer increased from 0.603 to 0.935 million. Three top most occurring cancers namely those of tobacco related cancers in both sexes, breast and cervical cancers in women account for over 50 to 60 percent of all cancers. When adjustments for increasing tobacco habits and increasing trends in many cancers are made, the estimates may further increase. The leading sites of cancers in males are lung, oesophagus, larynx, mouth, tongue and in females breast and cervix uteri. The main factors contributing to high burden of cancer over the years are increase in the population size as well as increase in proportion of elderly population, urbanization, and globalization. The cancer incidence results show an urgent need for strengthening and augmenting the existing diagnostic/treatment facilities, which are inadequate even to tackle the present load.

Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Fiona Verdine Dsouza,Sampath Kumar Amaravadi,Stephen Rajan Samuel,Harish Raghavan,Nagaraja Ravishankar 대한재활의학회 2021 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.45 No.4

To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this review. Meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model showed that the mean difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 6-minute walk distance, and RMS was 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 6.36), 5.80% (95% CI, 2.03 to 9.56), 78.05 m (95% CI, 60.92 to 95.18), and 4.8 cmH2O (95% CI, -4.00 to 13.4), respectively. There is strong evidence that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity, and reduces the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Potential probiotic characterization and effect of encapsulation of probiotic yeast strains on survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract condition

Suvarna, Surajvanshikumar,Dsouza, Janice,Ragavan, Mangala Lakshmi,Das, Nilanjana 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

The present study is focused on probiotic characterization of four yeasts viz. Pichia barkeri VIT-SJSN01, Yarrowia lipolytica VIT-ASN04, Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-ASN01 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIT-ASN03 isolated from food samples based on their auto-aggregation, co-aggregation ability and haemolytic activity. All the yeast strains showed good self-adhering and co-adhering potentiality with a value index of greater than 85%. None of the strains exhibited haemolysis which confirmed their non-pathogenic nature. Yeast strains were encapsulated in sodium alginate, sodium alginate coated with chitosan and sodium alginate-gelatinized with starch. Size and morphology of the beads and capsules were determined using SEM analysis. Encapsulation output and viability under storage condition was investigated. It was found that probiotic yeasts encapsulated in sodium alginate beads, chitosan coated beads and microcapsules showed better survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions compared to free cells.

De novo assembly, annotation and gene expression profiles of gonads of Cytorace-3, a hybrid lineage of Drosophila nasuta nasuta and D. n. albomicans

Ponnanna, Koushik,DSouza, Stafny M.,Ramachandra, Nallur B. Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.1

Cytorace-3 is a laboratory evolved hybrid lineage of Drosophila nasuta nasuta males and Drosophila nasuta albomicans females currently passing ~850 generations. To assess interracial hybridization effects on gene expression in Cytorace-3 we profiled the transcriptomes of mature ovaries and testes by employing Illumina sequencing technology and de novo transcriptome assembling strategies. We found 26% of the ovarian, and 14% of testis genes to be differentially expressed in Cytorace-3 relative to the expressed genes in the parental gonadal transcriptomes. About 5% of genes exhibited additive gene expression pattern in the ovary and 3% in the testis, while the remaining genes were misexpressed in Cytorace-3. Nearly 772 of these misexpressed genes in the ovary and 413 in the testis were either over-or under-dominant. Genes following D. n. nasuta dominance was twice (270 genes) than D. n. albomicans dominance (133 genes) in the ovary. In contrast, only 105 genes showed D. n. nasuta dominance and 207 showed D. n. albomicans dominance in testis transcriptome. Of the six expression inheritance patterns, conserved inheritance pattern was predominant for both ovary (73%) and testis (85%) in Cytorace-3. This study is the first to provide an overview of the expression divergence and inheritance patterns of the transcriptomes in an independently evolving distinct hybrid lineage of Drosophila. This recorded expression divergence in Cytorace-3 surpasses that between parental lineages illustrating the strong impact of hybridization driving rapid gene expression changes.

Bounds and color energy of derived graphs

GOWTHAM H. J.,SABITHA DSOUZA,PRADEEP G. BHAT 장전수학회 2019 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.29 No.2

Let G be a nite connected simple graph. The color energy of a graph G is dened as the sum of absolute values of color eigenvalues of G. The derived graph of a simple graph G, denoted by Gy, is a graph having same vertex set as G, in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance in G is two. In this paper, we establish an upper and lower bounds for color energy of a graph and obtain color energy of derived graphs of some families of graphs.

Growth-dependent Surface Characteristics of Hansenula polymorpha: Implications for Expanded Bed Adsorption Chromatography

Nadia Naz,Roy N. Dsouza,Vikas Yelemane,Rami Reddy Vennapusa,Martin Kangwa,Marcelo Fernández-Lahore 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3

The cell surface characteristics of a methylotrophic wild-type strain of yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, was investigated at different growth stages (early log, late log, stationary and death) of the biomass under different conditions (low and high salt in intact and disrupted forms) using extended DLVO theory. Biomass was characterized by contact angle measurements as well as zeta potential determinations. These measurements were used to describe the hydrophobic, polar, and electrostatic behavior of the biomass in its growth stages. Consequently, interaction free energy vs. distance profiles of the biomass with anionexchange and HIC adsorbents were conveniently generated. A strong interaction was calculated between cells and the adsorbents in the stationary and death phases of the biomass illustrated by the striking correlation between theoretical predictions and biomass deposition experiments. The physico-chemical properties of biomass in different growth phases have important implications for expanded bed adsorption chromatography, where unfavorable biomassadsorbent interactions adversely affect process efficiency.

Energy of partial complements of a graph

SWATI NAYAK,SABITHA DSOUZA,GOWTHAM H. J.,PRADEEP G. BHAT 장전수학회 2019 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.22 No.3

The partial complement of a graph G with respect to a set S denoted by G S is the graph obtained by removing the edges of hSi and adding edges which are not in hSi in G. In this paper we introduce the concept of energy of partial complements of graph and partial complement energy is computed for few classes of graphs. Some bounds are obtained for partial complement energy of a graph G.

Potential probiotic characterization and effect of encapsulation of probiotic yeast strains on survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract condition

Surajvanshikumar Suvarna,Janice Dsouza,Mangala Lakshmi Ragavan,Nilanjana Das 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

The present study is focused on probiotic characterization of four yeasts viz. Pichia barkeri VIT-SJSN01, Yarrowia lipolytica VIT-ASN04, Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-ASN01 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae VITASN03 isolated from food samples based on their autoaggregation, co-aggregation ability and haemolytic activity. All the yeast strains showed good self-adhering and coadhering potentiality with a value index of greater than 85%. None of the strains exhibited haemolysis which confirmed their non-pathogenic nature. Yeast strains were encapsulated in sodium alginate, sodium alginate coated with chitosan and sodium alginate-gelatinized with starch. Size and morphology of the beads and capsules were determined using SEM analysis. Encapsulation output and viability under storage condition was investigated. It was found that probiotic yeasts encapsulated in sodium alginate beads, chitosan coated beads and microcapsules showed better survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions compared to free cells.