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Lee, Gung-Pyo,Ryu, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Hyun-Ran,Kim, Chung-Sun,Lee, Dong-Woo,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Park, Min-Hye,Noh, Young-Mi,Choi, Sun-Hee,Han, Dong-Hyun,Lee, Chang-Hoo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.5
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), a member of the genus Ilarvirus, was detected and isolated from diseased 'Fuji' apple (Malus domestica) in Korea. The coat protein (CP) genes of two ApMV strains, denoted as ApMV-Kl and ApMV-K2, were amplified by using the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were analyzed thereafter. The objectives were to define the molecular variability of genomic information of ApMV found in Korea and to develop virus-derived resistant gene source for making virus-resistant trans-genic apple. RT-PCR amplicons for the APMVS were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The CPs of ApMV-Kl and ApMV-K2 consisted of 222 and 232 amino acid residues, respectively. The identities of the CPs of the two Korean APMVS were 93.1% and 85.6% at the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. The CP of ApMV-Kl showed 46.1-100% and 43.2-100% identities to eight different ApMV strains at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. When ApMV-PV32 strain was not included in the analysis, ApMV strains shared over 83.0% and 78.6% homologies at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. ApMV strains showed heterogeneity in CP size and sequence variability. Most of the amino acid residue differences were located at the N-termini of the strains of ApMV, whereas, the middle regions and C-termini were remarkably conserved. The APMVS were 17.(1-54.5% identical with three other species of the genus Ilarviyus. ApMV strains can be classified into three subgroups (subgroups I, II, and III) based on the phylogenetic analysis of CP gene in both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Interestingly, all the strains of subgroup I were isolated from apple plants, while the strains of subgroups II and III were originated from peach, hop, or pear, The results suggest that ApMV strains co-evolved with their host plants, which may have resulted in the CP heterogeneity.
웹 특성 변수가 웹 브랜드자산 형성요인에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
최동궁(Dong Gung Choi),박영봉(Yeung Bong Park) 한국마케팅학회 2002 마케팅연구 Vol.17 No.3
본 연구는 기존 연구를 근거로 웹의 특성(컨텐츠, 상호작용성, 커뮤니티)과 웹 브랜드자산 형성요인(브랜드인지, 브랜드이미지, 브랜드관계, 브랜드충성도)간 영향관계를 실증분석하였다. 특히, 웹의 공간은 이용자의 인지과정에서부터 상호작용적 경험의 행동단계로 이동된다는 점에서 이용자-브랜드관계를 웹 브랜드자산 형성요인의 중요요인으로 적용하였다. 분석결과, 잘 구성된 컨텐츠는 다른 요소들보다 이용자들의 긍정적인 브랜드이미지 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 보다 원활한 웹의 상호작용성은 긍정적인 브랜드이미지는 물론 강한 이용자-브랜드 관계를 구축할 수 있는 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 또한, 이용자들에게 공통된 관심이나 소속감을 줄 수 있는 커뮤니티의 활성화는 다른 마케팅노력보다 더 큰 브랜드인지 효과를 가져올 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고, 웹 브랜드자산의 형성요인간 영향관계는 모두 긍정적으로 나타났다. 이는 인지를 시작으로 일련의 순차적 과정을 거친다는 효과계층모형(hierarchy of effect model)이 웹 공간에서도 적용되는 결과로 본 연구에서 적용된 변수들이 웹 상에서 브랜드자산을 형성하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인하였다. This study investigates the relationship between the characteristics of the web (contents, interactivity, and community) and determinants(brand awareness, brand image, brand relationship, and brand loyalty) of the web brand equity on the basis of previous researches. The user-brand relationship adapted as an important factor in forming the web brand equity in the point that the web space shifts from the recognition to the behavior stage of interactive experience. The study results confirmed that well-organized contents have more influences on forming the positive brand image than any other factors. More harmonious interactivity of the web can form not only positive brand image but also strong user-brand relationship. And, activation of the community had a greater effect on attaining the brand awareness than any other marketing efforts. The interrelationship between the determinants of the web brand equity are all positive. This means that the hierarchy of effect model is applied to web, so the variables applied on this study play an important role in forming web brand equity.
( Dong-soon Jang ),( Gung-woong Bhang ),( Youngtae Kim ),( Mi-soo Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
In this new burning method, a homogeneous mixture of gasoline vapor and water electrolysis gas (WEG) is burned in lean burn condition of more than 100% excess air. By this method, less than 50% energy is consistently required based on a limited number of experiments, compared to the normal operation of SI (spark ignition) engine employing liquid gasoline alone. In this study, rather than adopting simple, diluting method of HCCI(homogeneous charge compression ignition), the addition of WEG (H<sub>2</sub> +1/2 O <sub>2</sub>) also in a premixed state requirement is employed to show an excellent performance, even with the significantly reduced total energy. This high engine performance is probably due to the combined effects of the addition of WEG, the use of vaporized gasoline, and lean burn condition. In other words, the fast reaction rate with high heating potential of WEG works successfully to overcome the inherent drawbacks of base system such as the absolute power deficiency and misfiring caused by the lean burn conditions as in HCCI, which is employed for the homogeneous charging and volumetric reaction. Result shows consistently that the average energy consumption rate of the fuel mixture is less than 50%, compared to the case of liquid gasoline. The amount of gasoline vapor in the mixture used is about 40% compared to that in normal operation in the liquid gasoline, and the energy use of WEG is supplied about 5~10% for the decreased amount of the energy of liquid gasoline. The amount of the WEG used in experiment agrees well with the estimated value obtained by considering of the effect of the WEG addition on the engine power; that is, the combined effects of the increases in the flame velocity and relative heating potential of combustion product.
박동운(Dong-woon Park),문경섭(Gung-sup Moon),이순영(Sun-young Lee),박수진(Su-jin Park),유완석(Wan-suk Yoo),이규상(Kyu-sang Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.10
As one of CRS(Child Restraint System), child seats are widely used. In this paper, the dynamic simulation of child seat was carried out with LS-DYNA software and the results from dynamic simulation were compared to the sled test. The comparison between the simulation and sled test showed a good agreement.<br/>