The culture of suffering and Semiology of Irony: Perusal of a Korean novel "A dwarf Launches a Little ball"

Doaa Ghareeb 한국아랍어·아랍문학회 2009 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.13 No.2

Irony is wrought throughout the novel "A Dwarf Launches a Little Ball". From the absurd misnomers of place-names to that of the dwarf who is the head of the family with which the story is based. In order to convey the level of which the family and, implicitly, the society, has come to the writer has employed not one but three narrators. In addition he makes use of the stream-of-consciousness method and the discontinuous nature of time, the very essence of memory. This chronological disruption creates a tension parallel to the state of tension in the novel. The dwarf is Kim Bu-li, the head of a family living in an impoverished neighborhood in the outskirts of Seoul, ironically named Happiness District, Paradise County. When the neighborhood goes into redevelopment, the dwarf`s home is demolished, and with it, the very foundation of his family`s life. What ensue are a tragic tale of economic disempowerment and the resulting loss of human dignity. Through the eyes of the dwarf`s three children as they struggle desperately to restore the shattered fragments of their lives, Cho Se-hui sketches the seedy underbelly of a society in the violent throes of industrialization. And the writer makes many characters appear to provide readers with explanations on accidents in more multidimensional and multi-faceted way, not in a single-focused one. By doing so, this novel can restore the voices of the others who are the suppressed in this society. From the fact that the writer tries to deliver a panoramic view of the story through a dwarf who can not be normal, we can steal a glance at the writer`s intention to trespass the line of taboo. The writer uses a dwarf as a symbol of violation, unfolding the stories from the dwarf`s point of view to make readers experience the reality stained with the sheer alienation and hardships the dwarf has gone through. In this regard, we can say A Dwarf Launches a Little Ball connotes an epic strategy that aims at Anti-identification. When it was first published in 1978, "A Dwarf Launches a Little Ball" was passionately embraced by the public. Through the enduring figure of the dwarf, the work managed to give shape to the prevailing sense of individual despair in a climate of political oppression and acute economic contradictions. More than two decades later, it remains one of the most powerful indictments of modern society to emerge from Korean literature.

Nanoparticles of ZnO/Berberine complex contract COVID-19 and respiratory co-bacterial infection in addition to elimination of hydroxychloroquine toxicity

Ghareeb Doaa A.,Saleh Samar R.,Seadawy Mohamed G.,Nofal Mohammed S.,Abdulmalek Shaymaa A.,Hassan Salma. F.,Khedr Shaimaa M.,AbdElwahab Miral G.,Sobhy Ahmed A.,Abdel-Hamid Ali saber Ali,Yassin Abdelrah 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.6

Purpose A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that has not been previously identified in humans and has no specific treatment has recently spread. Treatment trials using antiviral and immune-modulating drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were used to control this viral outbreak however several side effects have emerged. Berberine (BER) is an alkaloid that has been reported to reveal some pharmacological properties including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the efficiency of both BER and synthetic ZnO/BER complex as an anti-COVID-19 therapy. Methods First, the ZnO/BER complex was prepared by the facile mixing method. Then in vitro studies on the two compounds were conducted including VeroE6 toxicity, anti-COVID-19 activity, determination of inhibitory activity towards papain-like proteinase (PL pro) and spike protein- and receptor- binding domain (RBD) as well as assessment of drug toxicity on RBCs. Results The results showed that ZnO/BER complex acts as an anti-COVID-19 by inhibiting spike protein binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE II), PL pro activity, spike protein and E protein levels, and expression of both E-gene and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) at a concentration lower than that of BER or ZnO-NPs alone. Furthermore, ZnO/BER complex had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties where it prevents the auto oxidation of 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the culture of lower respiratory system bacteria that affected Covid 19 patients. The ZnO/BER complex prevented as well the HCQ cytotoxic effect on both RBC and WBC (in vitro) and hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and anemia that occurred after HCQ long administration in vivo. Conclusion The ZnO/BER complex can be accounted as promising anti-COVID 19 candidate because it inhibited the virus entry, replication, and assembly. Furthermore, it could be used to treat a second bacterial infection that took place in hospitalized COVID 19 patients. Moreover, ZnO/BER complex was found to eliminate the toxicity of long-term administration of HCQ in vivo.

Potential therapeutic and pharmacological strategies for SARS-CoV2

Ghareeb Doaa A.,Saleh Samar R.,Nofal Mohammed S.,Kaddah Mohamed M. Y.,Hassan Salma. F.,Seif Inas K.,El-Zahaby Sally A.,Khedr Shaimaa M.,Kenawy Marwa Y.,Masoud Aliaa A.,Soudi Salma A.,Sobhy Ahmed A.,Se 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.3

Background At the end of 2019, the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) strain causing severe acute respiratory syndrome swept the world. From November 2019 till February 2021, this virus infected nearly 104 million, with more than two million deaths and about 25 million active cases. This has prompted scientists to discover effective drugs to combat this pandemic. Area covered Drug repurposing is the magic bullet for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). Therefore, several drugs have been investigated in silico, in vitro, as well as through human trials such as anti- SARS-CoV2 agents, or to prevent the complications resulting from the virus. In this review, the mechanisms of action of different therapeutic strategies are summarized. According to the WHO, different classes of drugs can be used, including anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant drugs, as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antibiotics, vitamins, zinc, neutralizing antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy. Recently, there are some vaccines which are approved against SARS-CoV2. Expert opinion A complete understanding of the structure and function of all viral proteins that play a fundamental role in viral infection, which contribute to the therapeutic intervention and the development of vaccine in order to reduce the mortality rate.

Women in Arab culture : a study on women in Islam

두아 가립 아브라힘(Doaa Ghareeb Ebraheem) 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2008 국제문화연구 Vol.1 No.2

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아랍문화 속의 여성 : 여성에 대한 이슬람의 시각에 관한 연구

두아 가립 이브리힘 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2008 국제문화연구 Vol.1 No.2

Women, the debatable subject, have of the society, the one side in the eternal dispute between male and female that is bursting with all the weapons of cunning, shrewdness and sensation. Dispute about which of the two sides more worthy of leadership, life management and decision is making. Because human civilization proved that survival is for those who could accomplish deeds-beneficial to humanity over its various stages of development, either in scientific or practical fields on one side or materialistic and spiritual on parallel side- four fingers point to the man while one points timidly to the woman (because woman is the last thing civilization can reach), as George Meredith put it. The reason behind this could be the sufferings women have undergone over consecutive historical periods and masculine obstinacy which passed through laws and systems established for managing life and which were controlled by the most powerful - the man. This led to diminishing the role of women in a spectacular way and even to erasing it and limiting it to childbirth and pleasure in many cases. It is to be noted that if man is basically responsible for what woman suffered and still suffers till now - of oppression, I think that women are equally responsible because of their submission and acceptance, even their indirect encouragement to whatman imposed on them. If we survey the history of the last five thousand years we can notice a difference between the beginning and the end regarding the look to women - her existence, conduct, value and meaning The beginning shows us the respectful lady, the great mother, the grand Goddess of earth…the grand mother. The end shows us the voluptuous body- source of lust, the twisted rib that needs straightening. Between beginning and end there is a wavering of women's position and value according to the culture of the society and its opinion and most important the religion that forms the first jurisdiction for the management of relations and various sides of life. One of the things that distinguish Islam from other- prior or later-principles and systems is its attitude towards women. Women enjoy a distinguished status in all aspects of life or religious dealings. Contrary to what is said, and as we are to prove through this paper Muslim woman enjoy many privileges many women, conferences and women-rights centers are struggling now to get. Islam confers on women all the political and social rights, which man enjoys. She is entitled to all the privileges bestowed upon man. Beside worldly matters, women are also equal to men in the spiritual sense. Allah says in the Quran: Surely, men who submit themselves to GOD and women who submit themselves to HIM, and believing men and believing women, and obedient men and obedient women, and truthful men and truthful women, and men steadfast in their faith and steadfast women, and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give alms and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their chastity and women who guard their chastity and men who remember ALLAH much and women who remember HIM - ALLAH has prepared for all of them forgiveness and a great reward (33:36) This verse makes it clear that Muslim women stand on the same level with Muslim men and that they can attain to all those spiritual heights to which men can attain. At several places in the Quran, believing men and believing women are addressed in the same language and are made equally subject to the same commandments and entitled to the same rights and privileges. Only their duties are different because their spheres of activity are different. When the Quran speaks about the souls of human beings, it does not differentiate between man and woman.