Frauenbilder von Otto Dix : Wirklichkeit und Selbstbekenntnis

Jung-Hee Kim Lit 1994 해외박사

평균에 대한 중비교는 교육학과 심리학 분야를 연구할 때 많이 적용되는 통 계방법중 하나이지만 적절한 방법을 선택하는 일은 쉽지 않다. 적절한 중비 교 방법을 선택하려면 두가지 요인을 고려해야 한다: (1) 실험의 유형, (2) 제 1종 오차의 통제 여부와 높은 검정력. 실험의 유형에는 모든 짝비교, 직 교비교, 사후비교등이 대표적인 예가 되며, 평균에 대한 중비교 검정을 수행 할 때 개발된 중비교 방법중에서 실험군 제 1종 오차를 유의수준 아래로 제어 하면서 검정력이 높은 방법이 가장 적절한 중비교 방법이라고 할 수 있다. 반복측정설계에서는 평균에 대한 중비교를 할 때 추가로 구형성 가정을 고 려해야 한다. 반복측정설계에서 F 비가 정확한 F-분포를 이루기 위한 필요충 분 조건은 모든 직교정규비교(orthonormal contrasts)들이 동일 분산을 가지 며 서로 직교여야 한다는 것이 구형성 가정이다. 본 논문에서는 실제적으로 많이 사용되는 중비교 방법에 대한 통계방법과 선행 연구결과들을 요약하고 각 방법에 대한 기하학적 모형을 제시하였다. 본 논문에 제시된 중비교 방법은 다음과 같다. Tukey 검정 (HSD, WSD), 고전 Bonferroni 방법 (Dunn's, CB), 단계적으로 기각하는 Bonferroni 검정 (SRB), Shaffer(1986)와 Holland & Copenhaver(1987)에 의해 수정된 Bonferroni 방법 (MSRB1, MSRB2), Scheffe 검정, Multivariate simultaneous confidence inter val(MSCI). 경험적인 연구방법으로 3가지 중비교 방법이 더 소개되었다: 개 별 오차를 사용하여 단계적으로 기각하는 Tukey의 HSD (HSD'), 개별 오차를 사용하여 단계적으로 기각하는 Tukey의 WSD(WSD'), 각 비교를 유의수준 . 05 에서 검정하는 per comparison 방법 (PC). 단순반복측정 설계에서 구형성 가 정이 만족되었을 때와 만족되지 못하였을 때, 짝비교를 할 때와, 계획된 직교 비교를 할 때, 많은 수의 사후비교를 할 때에 위의 11개의 중비교 방법들의 실험군 제 1종 오차와 검정력이 비교되었다. 짝비교를 수행할 때, 구형성 가정이 만족되면 합동오차를 사용한 WSD가, 구 형성 가정이 비교적 만족되지 못하면 개별오차를 사용한 SRB 또는 WSD'이 실 험군 제 1종 오차를 통제하면서 높은 검정력을 보이므로 가장 적합한 방법으 로 나타났다.

"(The) East Asian country of propriety" : Confucianism in a Korean village

Dix, Mortimer Griffin University Microfilms International 2014 국내박사

Development and Application of Advanced Proteomic Methods to Globally Map Protease Substrate Profiles

Dix, Melissa M The Scripps Research Institute 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Proteases catalyze one of the most pervasive post-translational modifications, yet the endogenous substrate profiles of most proteases remain incompletely characterized. In Chapter 2 and 3, we describe a robust and versatile proteomic platform that enables direct visualization of the topography and magnitude of proteolytic events on a global scale. We use this method to generate a proteome-wide map of proteolytic events induced by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This profile contained 91 characterized caspase substrates as well as 170 additional proteins not previously known to be cleaved during apoptosis. Surprisingly, the vast majority of proteolyzed proteins, regardless of the extent of cleavage, yielded persistent fragments that correspond to discrete protein domains, suggesting that the generation of active effector proteins may be a principal function of apoptotic proteolytic cascades. In Chapter 4, we further expand this advanced proteomic method to evaluate the bidirectional crosstalk between proteases and kinases during apoptosis, which until now has not been evaluated on a global scale. Using a quantitative proteomic platform that integrates phosphorylation sites into the topographical maps of proteins, we show that phosphorylation is enriched on cleaved proteins in apoptotic cells and occurs near sites of caspase proteolysis. We identify instances where phosphorylation stimulates caspase cleavage and vice versa. In particular, phosphorylation events occurring at the +3 position of cleavage sites were found to strongly promote substrate proteolysis by caspase-8. These results reveal systems-wide interactions between phosphorylation and proteolytic pathways in apoptotic cells, which lead to enhanced rates of protein cleavage and the unveiling of new sites for phosphorylation.

The scholarly contributions of Paul Dulaney Converse to the professionalization of the academic discipline of marketing

Dix, Laura F University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Paul Dulaney Converse's career spanned a critical time in the development of the discipline of marketing. His education included seminars from the early marketing pioneers, and he contributed to the education of many early marketing scholars through his textbooks and articles. Converse was also highly involved in the earliest marketing professional organization, the National Association of Teachers of Marketing and Advertising (NATMA), and its transition into today's American Marketing Association (AMA). The research presented here highlights Converse' scholarly contributions of research, teaching, and service to the professionalization of the academic discipline of marketing.

Exploring Guanidinoglycoside Molecular Transporters

Dix, Andrew University of California, San Diego 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Guanidinium-rich molecular transporters have been shown to deliver otherwise non-permeable biologically relevant cargo into cells. While many such transporters have been reported, the studies reported here focus on guanidinoglycosides, which have been shown to permeate the cell-membrane in a heparan sulfate-dependent manner. In attempt to promote a cooperative interaction with cell-surface heparan sulfate, dimeric guanidinoglycosides were synthesized and studied for their cellular uptake properties in various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. Flow cytometry studies revealed that conjugates prepared with the monomeric compounds showed reduced uptake in mutant cells expressing heparan sulfate chains with altered patterns of sulfation, whereas the dimeric constructs could distinguish the various mutants and maintain high levels of uptake. These findings suggest that uptake depends on the valency of the transporter and the sulfate content on the cell surface receptors, thereby providing reagents that could distinguish cell types based on the composition of their cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. To further investigate the viability of these transporters, their potential to escape endosomal vesicles and diffuse into the cytosol was examined using a FRET-based cellular assay in HeLa cells. Findings indicate that guanidinoglycosides appear to enter the cytosol at around half the rate of poly9arginine. Interestingly, confocal microscopy studies indicate co-localization of the two different transporters.

Antecedents to adolescent pregnancy: A qualitative study

Dix, Emily Susan The University of Alabama at Birmingham 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Focus groups were conducted among African American male and female adolescents living in a large Southern city. Female participants had become pregnant while previously enrolled in an HIV intervention study; male participants were the current partners of the female participants and/or fathers of the female participants' children. Eight sessions were conducted, 4 for females and 4 for their male partners. Forty-two females participated, ages 16 to 20 years old; 26 males participated, ages 17 to 23 years old. A grounded theory approach was used to induce from the data any theoretical constructs that may explain the occurrence of unexpected pregnancy among the study population. Analysis of the focus group data revealed that unexpected pregnancy was related to sociocultural issues such as a paucity of perceived future life options and family and social support for teen parenthood. In addition, male participants expressed a desire to be more involved with their own children than their fathers were with them. Analysis further revealed representation of constructs from the theory of possible selves, social cognitive theory, and theory of reasoned action. This qualitative study provided an insightful view into the antecedents of adolescent pregnancy and identified theoretical constructs that may be relevant for further research and future intervention development in the area of adolescent pregnancy prevention.

Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum Electrocatalysts

Dix, Sean T ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Hydrogen fuel cells are promising devices that can be utilized as a carbon-neutral mobile energy source. These devices can produce electric power from pressurized hydrogen gas and oxygen from the air with only water as a by-product. However, the adoption of this technology has been hampered by its poor technoeconomic performance, especially at scale. The high costs arise from the expensive platinum group metal catalysts needed to speed up the rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the fuel cell cathode. Efforts to improve the catalytic performance focus on novel electrocatalyst design (through metal alloying, nanostructuring, etc.) and understanding the mechanism of ORR at the elementary step level under relevant reaction conditions. The former relies on accurate measures of catalytic activity but is hampered by incorrect measurements of active catalytic area and mass transport limitations. The latter has proven challenging as mechanistic analyses (in particular: spectroscopic analysis of relevant surface intermediates) are confounded by solvent and electric field effects. The first scope of this thesis is to establish fundamental tools and methods to accurately quantify catalyst activity. A modeling example shows the impact on the catalyst film construction and how a thin, conductive film is required to eliminate internal mass transport limitations. Different surface area measurements are discussed, with examples demonstrating the effects of improper surface area characterization. The accurate measurement of catalyst activity is essential for any novel catalyst design studies and mechanistic studies vying to explain observed catalyst performance from elementary steps. The second scope of this thesis pertains to mechanistic analyses of electrochemical reactions and the ORR specifically. Microkinetic modeling is one tool that can be used to explain macroscopic observables (such as reaction orders and Tafel slopes) by solving a system of elementary rate equations with certain initial conditions based on the chemical environment. The accuracy of these models is heavily impacted by the inherent assumptions such as the mean-field approximation and the treatment of the electrochemical potential, solvent effects, electric field effects, and ion/electrolyte effects. The accuracy of these models can be improved by advanced modeling techniques such as kinetic Monte Carlo and through in-situ/operando spectroscopy. To demonstrate, this work presents an in-operando study of the ORR that sheds light on the potential- dependent mechanism. A unique spectroscopic platform to probe the electrified Pt surface at realistic reaction conditions is created to accomplish this. A non-model Ag-Pt core-shell nanoparticle is synthesized and characterized with UV-vis spectroscopy, and STEM with elemental mapping showing a distinct core-shell architecture. Localized surface plasmons resonance enables plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS) measurements at the reactive and electrified Pt/electrolyte interface. Data analysis shows how experimental spectra matches with density functional theory (DFT) derived vibrational modes to shed light on the reaction mechanism. The vibrational model assignments are further verified and validated by isotopic labeling studies. This analysis reveals critical insights on the ORR mechanism, showing a crowded network of OH/H2O at low overpotentials We also present evidence of an OOH species adsorbed on a cleaner surface at high overpotentials. These insights can be adopted as design criteria for future electrocatalyst optimizations and increase the accuracy of microkinetic models. Furthermore, the spectroscopic platform can be expanded to other chemistries to yield fundamental insights into electrochemical reaction mechanisms.

To tell their own stories: Transformations of narrative form by Caribbean women novelists (Sylvia Wynter, Michelle Cliff, Erna Brodber, Zee Edgell, Merle Hodge, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize)

Toland-Dix, Shirley Dyann Emory University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

My study explores the ways in which contemporary Caribbean women novelists have transformed narrative forms into effective vehicles for conveying the complexities of their stories. These writers have had to create space for their stories, as they have traditionally been excluded from dominant and oppositional discourses alike. In various ways, the novels of Sylvia Wynter, Merle Hodge, Zee Edgell, Erna Brodber, and Michelle Cliff adapt and interweave narrative strategies drawn from scribal literary traditions, even as they incorporate aspects of their own oral cultures. The first chapter argues that Sylvia Wynter's <italic>The Hills of Hebron </italic> published in 1962, is a narrative of the emerging nation, similar to novels written around the same time by V. S. Reid, George Lamming, and Roger Mais. In a novel both epic and ironic, Wynter celebrates and critiques Jamaica as it evolves from colony to nation. Within the narrative of the nation genre, Wynter explores what will be the role of women within the new nation. The second and third chapters examine the more personal and introspective “narratives of female self-discovery” written by Caribbean women of the next generation. Chapter two takes up the <italic>Bildungsromans</italic> of Merle Hodge and Zee Edgell. Both novels depict their protagonists' transition from girlhood to puberty as they discover how they are perceived within patriarchal colonial societies, and learn, or fail to learn, how to negotiate these perceptions. The third chapter contends that Erna Brodber's <italic>Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home</italic> and Zee Edgell's <italic>In Times Like These </italic> are feminist novels of awakening—novels that chart the quests of their adult women protagonists for independence and self-definition. The contrast between Brodber's experimentalism and Edgell's realism reveals the relation between a common theme and different narrative strategies. The final chapter examines the ways in which Michelle Cliff expands narratives of female self-discovery into narratives that situate protagonists both within the counter-history of the Caribbean and within a contemporary postcolonial, transnational world. Cliff is as concerned with the re-creation of a collective history and identity as she is with the portrayal of the private self. My study establishes how these writers use the construction of their narratives as a means of empowerment—of asserting women's agency in their own lives.