An OT Analysis of Multiple Wh-questions in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2015 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.47

Universality is one of the important purposes in linguistic research, in order to find it out, we should use actual language phenomenon as medium or foundation. Therefore the research target in this paper is multiple wh-questions in English and Chinese, through the OT analysis, both English and Chinese multiple wh-questions can be explained by the constraints hierarchy: English: SO-OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>HIE-ADJ>>FULL-INT>>STAY Chinese: STAY>>FULL-INT>>HIE-ADJ>>OB-HD=SO-OP-SPEC Meanwhile, the relations between two langauges also can be showed through constraints hierarchy. The biggest difference between them can be showed by the converse sequnce of constraints, which means English is a kind of structure-overt language and Chinese is meaning-overt language. But it doesn’t mean they are totally opposite with each other, from other constraint HIE-ADJ, it showed English and Chinese are sharing exactly the same word order. So through the multiple wh-questions analysis, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese has been showed clearly.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Chinese

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2013 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.45

The binding theory(Chomsky 1981) has been considered to be one of the most important theories which is used to deal with the legal domain especially of reflexive binding. The purpose of this paper is to find out if the binding theory can work for all English reflexive situations, and if it can also be used for other languages such as Chinese. I showed some English & Chinese data which can not be properly explained by the original binding theory, and I modified and added some other constraints to analyze and compare English and Chinese case of reflexive binding. After some data analysis, I showed some of English and Chinese reflexive sentences can be dealt with the binding theory, but some others can not. Based on these unexplicable data, I added the rule of Lager Domain Prefer (LDP) constraint which is introduced by Moon(1995) to analyze both English and Chinese reflexive sentences. The constraint hierarchy of BBC>>LDP is for English and constraint hierarchy of BBC<<>>LDP is for Chinese. However there still exist some defects, so after further data analysis, a new constrain of Domain Change based on Verbal Types(DCVT) has been introduced to analyze unexplainable Chinese sentences. Finally, depending on this new constraints hierarchy- BBC<<>>LDP>>DCVT, Chinese reflexive sentences have been explained successfully. In conclusion, by using OT evaluation the relations between English and Chinese reflexive sentence have been shown clearly.

A Comparative Study of Reflexive Binding in English and Korean

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2014 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.46

The reflexive binding phenomenon is one of the most interesting language phenomena that many scholars have been doing research on. Previous studies on this topic show mainly two directions: one is a syntactic approach, and the other a non-syntactic one. None of these approaches, however, have suggested a successful explanation about the phenomenon. In this paper, I introduce the OT to analyze this phenomenon. Based on the observation of syntactic behaviors of English reflexive pro-self and Korean reflexive caki3), I have introduced some important constraints ranking against each other by which both English and Korean reflexive binding relation has been well explained.

A Comparative Study on English & Chinese Wh-Questions in the Optimality Theory

De-rong Luo 한국영어교육연구학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.44

This paper is aimed to find some differences between English and Chinese under simple wh-question. In order to deal with it, I should find some good theories to let this comparison become as easy as possible. So first I take some classical theories to explain the simple wh-question between English and Chinese, but it seems very complex to express these two languages under these theories, also it"s hard to figure out the essential difference between these two languages. So I choose another theory- Optimality Theory(abbreviated to OT) to explain this phenomenon. The main principle of OT is all of the principles and rules (in OT we called constraints) can be violated by the candidates, and based on the characteristics of language, these constraints should be ranked upon their importance for the target language. So the higher ranked one has bigger power than the one located lower. Even these constraints can be violated, violation should be minimum. So among all of the candidates, the one who violates the less higher ranked constraints and the violation is smallest can be chosen as the best optimal candidates. Because of the flexible of OT, it can easy adapt to a lot of languages. In this paper, OT is used to analyze English and Chinese simple wh-question, after the data analysis, four constraints are generated to restrict ungrammatical sentences. The purpose of this paper is doing comparison, so we"d better use the same constraints with different ranking hierarchy. Finally, constraints hierarchy for both two languages have been done. English is OP-SPEC>>OB-HD>>FULL-INT>>STAY; and Chinese is STAY>>FULL-INT>>OB-HD>>OP-SPEC. From the ranking we can see the most important constraint of these two languages is just opposite with each other. So I conclude they are just belong to different language family, English need move but Chinese should stay; also the second important constraint also opposite, it shows in English it allows a part of auxiliarly words but in Chinese non of them is needed, Through all of the analysis that has done until now, it"s can express that English pays much attention on its sentence form, but Chinese focus much on its sentence meaning. Through this simple four constraints and their ranking, the problem just been explained clearly.

Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Composites

Bo Wang,Hai-Rong Zhang,Chao Huang,Lian Xiong,Jun Luo,Xin-De Chen 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.3

To improve the mechanical performance of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), the iPP/bacterial cellulose (BC) composites were prepared. The tensile and impact strength of the composites were maximized (38.21MPa and 2.812 KJ/m²) when maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) content was 7 wt%, the tensile modulus was increased with the higher MAPP content and the maximum value was 1858.39 MPa. Compared with pure iPP, the tensile strength, impact strength and tensile modulus increased by 6.32 MPa, 0.75 KJ/m², and 279.68 MPa, respectively. Compared with the control group (the sample which added BC but no MAPP added), the tensile strength, impact strength and tensile modulus increased by 5.61 MPa, 0.692 KJ/m², and 11.24 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the elongation at break of the composites was decreased. Besides, the rheological results and SEM photographs indicated that with the addition of MAPP, the compatibility of the composites was improved greatly, which demonstrated the increase of the mechanical properties of the composites.

Knockdown of GCF2/LRRFIP1 by RNAi Causes Cell Growth Inhibition and Increased Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells

Li, Jing-Ping,Cao, Nai-Xia,Jiang, Ri-Ting,He, Shao-Jian,Huang, Tian-Ming,Wu, Bo,Chen, De-Feng,Ma, Ping,Chen, Li,Zhou, Su-Fang,Xie, Xiao-Xun,Luo, Guo-Rong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2) is a transcriptional regulator that represses transcriptional activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by binding to a specific GC-rich sequence in the EGFR gene promoter. In addition to this function, GCF2 has also been identified as a tumor-associated antigen and regarded as a potentially valuable serum biomarker for early human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. GCF2 is high expressed in most HCC tissues and cell lines including HepG2. This study focused on the influence of GCF2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: GCF2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells was detected with reverse transcription (RT) PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to knock down GCF2 mRNA and protein expression. Afterwards, cell viability was analyzed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell apoptosis and caspase 3 activity by flow cytometry and with a Caspase 3 Activity Kit, respectively. Results: Specific down-regulation of GCF2 expression caused cell growth inhibition, and increased apoptosis and caspase 3 activity in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: These primary results suggest that GCF2 may influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and also provides a molecular basis for further investigation into the possible mechanism at proliferation and apoptosis in HCC.