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Kadhane Pravin S.,Baraskar Bharat G.,Darvade Tulshidas C.,Ramdasi Onkar A.,Samsuzzaman Md.,Kambale Rahul C. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.5
Three different measurement methods to determine the structural phase transitions and Curie temperature of Ba 0.97 Ca 0.03 Ti 1−x Sn x O 3 (BCTS, x = 0.025, and 0.035 mol). electroceramics are discussed. At room temperature, both com- positions reveal the tetragonal perovskite lattice symmetry as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent dielectric constant and Raman active modes. The temperature-dependent dielectric study reveals T R-O at − 60 °C, T O-T at 14 °C, T T-C at 126 °C for composition x = 0.025 and T R-O at − 50 °C, T O-T at 20 °C, T T-C at 118 °C for composition x = 0.035. To evident the structural changes happening at phase transitions as well as Curie temperature the variation of polarization concerning temperature is investigated which supports the temperature-dependent dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies. The room temperature recoverable energy storage density and efficiency of BCTS are calculated by the integral area 3 of the polarization–electric fi eld (P-E) hysteresis loop. The observed recoverable energy storage density is 21.80 mJ/cm and 32.40 mJ/cm 3 with the efficiency of 43.58% and 52.25% for composition x = 0.025 and 0.035 mol., respectively. These results are having practical importance, due to the higher recoverable energy storage density and efficiency with moderate Curie temperature compared to the pure BaTiO 3 . Thus, it can be used as a promising novel and environmentally friendly, lead-free material, for different applications in low carbon vehicles, renewable energy technologies, integrated circuits, and for the high-temperature aerospace sector.