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        Rising Stars: Competitive Balance in Five Asian Football Leagues

        Daniel Plumley,Sarthak Mondal,Rob Wilson,Girish Ramchandani 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.1

        Competitive balance (CB) remains a core component of sport eco- nomics literature and an important management consideration for league organisers. This paper analyses CB in the ‘big five’ Asian football leagues longitudinally between 1996/97 and 2017/ 18. Using recognised measures of league concentration and dom- inance, the results display a mixed picture in respect of CB across the five major leagues in Asian football. The Asian football market has seen positive growth during the last two decades while CB in most of the leagues examined has remained relatively stable. Some significant differences were detected in the levels of con- centration between leagues. There was also some variation in terms of some leagues being dominated by a fewer number of teams. However, these two measures of CB (concentration and dominance) were not necessarily correlated with each other. In a broader governance context, questions remain over the potential for further growth in the Asian football market given the domin- ant market position of the European game.

      • Parachute Payments in English Football: Softening the Landing or Distorting the Balance?

        Daniel Plumley 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol. No.

        This paper examines the impact of parachute payments in English league football in relation to the competitive balance of the second tier (the Championship). League results and parachute payment fees data were collected for the 11 seasons between 2006/07 and 2016/17. Overall competitive balance was analysed as well as specific aspects of competition that are fundamental to the league—promotion, survival and relegation. Our results show that an increase in the number of clubs with parachute payments and the overall value of these payments coincides with a reduction in competitive balance in the Championship. Furthermore, clubs with parachute payments are twice as likely to be promoted to the English Premier League and considerably less likely to suffer further relegation to the third tier (League 1). The paper therefore proposes either a re-distribution of parachute payments, the abolition of them completely, or a handicap points system to improve competitive balance.

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