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Roles of flower scent in bee?flower mediations: a review
Bisrat Daniel,정철의 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.1
Background: Bees and flowering plants associations were initially began during the early Cretaceous, 120 million years ago. This coexistence has led to a mutual relationship where the plant serves as food and in return, the bee help them their reproduction. Animals pollinate about 75% of food crops worldwide, with bees as the world’s primary pollinator. In general, bees rely on flower scents to locate blooming flowers as visual clue is limited and also their host plants from a distance. In this review, an attempt is made to collect some relevant 107 published papers from three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database, covering the period from 1959 to 2021. Results: Flowering plants are well documented to actively emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, only a few of them are important for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. In this review, fifty-three volatile organic compounds belonging to different class of compounds, mainly terpenoids, benzenoids, and volatile fatty acid derivatives, is compiled here from floral scents that are responsible for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. Bees generally use honest floral signals to locate their host plants with nectar and pollen-rich flowers. Thus, honest signaling mechanism plays a key role in maintaining mutualistic plant–pollinator associations. Conclusions: Considering the fact that floral scents are the primary attractants, understanding and identification of VOCs from floral scent in plant-pollinator networks are crucial to improve crop pollination. Interestingly, current advances in both VOCs scent gene identification and their biosynthetic pathways make it possible to manipulate particular VOCs in plant, and this eventually may lead to increase in crop productivity.
Tekalign Begna,Delgermaa Ulziibayar,Daniel Bisrat,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
The neonicotinoid acetamiprid (ACE) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) are widely utilized agrochemicals worldwide in crop protection. Most previous studies have evaluated on the toxicity of individual insecticides on honeybees. This study evaluated formulation of combined toxicities of acetamiprid (8%) and emamectin ben zoate (2.15%) through oral and contact exposures to Apis mellifera. The binary mixture had a lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 1 × 10 − 3 µg/bee (oral) and 4 × 10 − 5 µg/bee (contact) to adult honeybees and a lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 2 × 10 − 1 µg/ml to larvae. The mixture’s oral and contact hazard quotient were significantly greater than ACE, with values of 17,400 and 5000, respectively. The estimated additive indices (AI) showed that ACE and EMB inter acted additively with AI values of 0.047 (oral), 0.01 (contact), and 0.02 (larval). The mixture also reduced the survival of larvae, affected proboscis extension response (PER) scores, and impacted the ability of honeybees to discriminate odors. The authors recommend a field study to investigate the mixture’s adverse effects on hon eybees further.