(The)Use of drama to promote play In and out of the elementary school EFL classroom

Copeland, Charles Sanders 단국대학교 TESOL대학원 2010 국내석사

The preparation and characterization of a heparin-derived oligosaccharide that binds to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D

Copeland, Ronald Jarrod The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a structurally diverse and highly sulfated polysaccharide that has been found to exist on the surface of mammalian cells in substantial quantities. Unique saccharide sequences of HS have been shown to bind specifically to a number of biologically relevant proteins, thus allowing HS to play a role in numerous biological processes including regulation of blood coagulation, inflammation, cancer cell growth and viral infections. Understanding the structure-function relationship of HS will aid in the development of novel anti-viral and/or anti-cancer therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 3 (3-OST-3) generates 3-O-sulfated HS that can bind to glycoprotein D (gD) and facilitate HSV viral entry into target cells, thus implicating 3-O-sulfated HS as a HSV entry receptor. The goal of this work is to provide additional structural information concerning HS ability to assist in the HSV viral infection mechanism, while providing evidence to suggest that HSV infections may be inhibited by disrupting the interactions with its polysaccharide based cellular receptors. The use of 3-O-sulfated heparin (HP) oligosaccharides, along with high expression levels of gD purified from E. coli., allowed for the investigation of the gD binding of various sized HP oligosaccharides. Results obtained from immunoprecipitation and affinity co-electrophoresis experiments suggested that the 3-O-sulfated HP octasaccharide was of the minimal required length for gD binding with a Kd value of 19 muM. Structural characterization using chemical and enzymatic approaches suggested the gD binding 3-O-sulfated HP octasaccharide had a structure of DeltaUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S 3S-IdoUA2S-GlcNS6S (3-O-sulfation site is underlined). Coupling a sulfo donor regeneration system with 3-OST-3 modification, sufficient amounts of the gD binding 3-O-sulfated HP octasaccharide was generated for cell based viral entry assays. The characterization of a novel gD binding octasaccharide as described herein, provides additional structural information concerning HS/HP ability to assist in the HSV viral entry mechanism. Specifically, it allows for further investigations to be conducted as the characterized 3-O-sulfated gD binding HP octasaccharide may serve as a good lead compound for the inhibition of HSV infections. The further development of this project could uncover a new way to treat diseases related to HSV infections.

Examining lives of adolescent mothers in social and economic context: poor women's experiences and options after an unintended pregnancy in Costa Rica

Copeland, Rachel New York University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Adolescent pregnancy is often thought of as a social problem, one that can cause the adolescent mother to hardship, including poverty, low-educational attainment, housing instability, and family dysfunction. While much research has been conducted about adolescent pregnancy in the developed world, less has considered adolescent pregnancy in the developing world. This qualitative dissertation focuses on poor women in Costa Rica who had an unintended pregnancy in adolescence. The research was completed in a canton in the Central Valley of San Jose, Costa Rica and elicited the life histories of poor women in the area who had been adolescent mothers. The goal of the study was to gain a better understanding of the options, supports, and services available to poor adolescent mothers as well as to learn their perspectives and decisions related to keeping or relinquishing a child from the adolescent pregnancy. The research sample consisted of 22 impoverished female participants who had experienced an unintended pregnancy in adolescence. The key finding from this study was that parental support was the most important factor in mitigating adolescent experiences of stress and negative feelings about their choices related to the pregnancy. While all of the women reported some level of regret at being an adolescent mother, the intensity of regret varied by how much support they received. Adoption and termination of the pregnancy were not considered options by the women in the sample. The study has implications for the understanding of vulnerable women's decisions with respect to adolescent pregnancies in Latin America and for Latina migrants to the United States.

Sociocultural perspectives on the stress process: The moderating effects of cultural coping resources

Copeland, Nikeea Lynell The University of Michigan 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Economic stressors, family bonds, racial identity, and religiosity/spirituality have been identified as important factors in the stress processes of people of African descent. This research addressed the need for more sociocultural studies of the stress process and had the following points of focus: (1) to examine the life stress processes in two populations that are underrepresented in stress literature, (2) to understand the sociocultural context of stress within each population, and (3) to test models of the stress process positing that cultural factors unique to each group buffer the effects of stress on physical and mental health. Two separate studies of the stress process were conducted among People of African descent. In the first study, 172 Black South African women were interviewed about life stress, religiosity/spirituality, depression, and physical health concerns. A model positing that religiosity/spirituality buffered the effects of stress was tested. The results revealed that religiosity/spirituality buffered the effects of stress on physical health. In the second study, the stress processes of 262 African American adolescents were examined. The results revealed that religiosity/spirituality and a positive relationship with mother were associated with decreased delinquency among adolescents.

Social skills triad: Promoting social competency in teens with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) / High Functioning Autism (HFA)

Copeland, Haidee A University of Oregon 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation presents the findings of a Type 2 translational research study to develop and test the feasibility and social validity of a social skills intervention for middle/secondary students with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) / High Functioning Autism (HFA). Utilizing a technology adoption model (TAM), this dissertation project sought to develop and test the feasibility of a three-tiered social skills curriculum/training program to promote social competency in teens with AS/HFA across multiple settings: school, home, and community. The TAM was developed in 2004 by Gardner and Amoroso to provide a more rigorous methodology by which to assess the acceptance of the technology by consumers. The development of an intervention that includes parental input in a repeated measurement of social validity and efficiency over time, together with the inclusion of a unique population parameter (parental groups) within a repeated measure, reinforced the appropriateness of the decision to use a Type 2 translational research model. This study consisted of two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the development process was conducted using separate focus participant groups: Group A (students with AS/HFA), Group B (parents/caregivers of students with AS/HFA), and Group C (educators of teens with AS/HFA). Phase 2, a small pilot study utilizing the newly created curriculum, was conducted using complete triads. This triad consisted of a student with AS/HFA, the student's parent/caregiver, and an educator of said student. These groups (ultimately triads) developed and refined a school-facilitated social skills intervention that utilized the goals and objectives of the student and her/his family in conjunction with existing opportunities within the community to design, implement, track, and modify a social skills program that was functional for the unique needs of the student. Findings suggest the Social Skills Triad curriculum may be a viable alternative method for teens with AS/HFA to develop and master social skills across settings over time that are meaningful to students, their families, and the home/school communities in which they function.

The experience of violence and help-seeking among mothers of adult chronically mentally ill individuals

Copeland, Darcy Ann University of California, Los Angeles 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

Mothers of mentally ill adults are frequently primary caretakers. If mentally ill individuals become violent, mothers are most often victims. In their role as primary caretakers, mothers are knowledgeable regarding their children's illnesses. They are also familiar with the mental health system, including criteria for involuntary hospitalization. Mothers can identify signs of decompensation in their mentally ill children and recognize their need for hospitalization. They cannot, however, always access mental health treatment due to their children's refusal and/or not meeting legal criteria for involuntary hospitalization. This is problematic, particularly for mothers whose mentally ill, adult children have a history of violence. This study used Grounded Theory methods to explore mothers' experiences of violence perpetrated by their mentally ill, adult children and the process used to seek help when violence occurred. Mothers described periods of living on high alert, characterized by waiting in frustration while their children decompensated but did not meet involuntary hold criteria. Mothers used distraction, isolation, and reality orientation to manage their fear and uncertainty. Once their fear and uncertainty outweighed their abilities to manage the chaos their children created, they called the police or psychiatric evaluation (PET) teams, who served as gatekeepers to mental health treatment, for assistance. Mothers then dealt with responses from their children and gatekeepers, and accepted the consequences of being responsible for their children's involuntary hospitalization or of being left home with their children if the gatekeepers did not initiate involuntary hospitalization. Mothers discussed their children's limited housing options. For mothers, stable, long-term housing was a component of mental healthcare for their children. In the absence of conservatorship or a court order, long-term placement was not a possibility. Instead, mothers saw their homes, homelessness, or temporary board and care placement as the limited options available to their children. These three options were temporary and undesirable. Seven factors were identified as important to mothers in deciding which option they preferred for their children: concern for safety, children refusing/walking away from placements, advice from others, maternal obligation, imposing consequences for behavior, quality of available placements, and their inability to provide care.

The relationship between melody and prosody: Perception and production capabilities of musicians and non-musicians

Copeland, Naomi Chaya University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Music and language are two interconnected acoustic and cognitive phenomena shared by human beings. Among their similarities are their variety of intonations and inflections resulting in melody and prosody, respectively. Previous research has demonstrated that musicians are more successful than non-musicians at detecting pitch errors in speech and melody. These results are often due to extensive musical training beginning at an early age. In examining melodic and prosodic abilities of twenty-nine university undergraduates, this study attempts to better understand the connectedness between these cognitive functions, and the affects various musical experiences may have. To assess these abilities, three production stimuli were developed and Gordon's Advanced Measures of Music Audiation was used. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly strong correlations between total length of musical experience as well as the age formal instruction first began. In recognizing the potential transferred effects of beginning and continuing musical training, this study may help to support pedagogical and curricular decisions regarding when and for how long to offer music instruction, in addition to contributing to current research on music education and cognitive psychology.

The Use of Electronic Feedback to Strengthen Teacher Intervention Beliefs, Knowledge, Attitudes and Intentions

Copeland, Christa B University of Missouri - Columbia ProQuest Dissert 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

The present study examined the efficacy and usefulness of an electronically-delivered feedback intervention on overall teacher perceptions of classroom-based behavior interventions, implementation behavior and intentions. Participants consisted of 95, full and part-time elementary and secondary teachers across 13, public K-12 educational institutions in Missouri. Following an initial assessment, teachers were randomized to either a feedback intervention condition or control condition (i.e., business-as-usual). Findings indicated that teachers who received the intervention, which consisted of an emailed individualized feedback profile and access to a website with electronic resources, reported significantly increased self-efficacy and perceptions of evidence-based interventions at the 2-month follow-up, compared to teachers assigned to the control condition. Despite the lack of statistical significance across the other measured variables, effect sizes comparable to existing feedback and motivational interviewing literature, were found. Additionally, of the teachers who received the intervention, the majority provided positive feedback about its usefulness and feasibility, and reported being willing to recommend the use of the intervention to others. Limitations and future directions regarding the use of electronically-based teacher supports to enhance classroom behavior management, are discussed.

When Peers Help and Harm: Adolescent Social Structure and Mental Health

Copeland, Molly ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Duke University 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Sonic Humanitarianism: Musical Aid in Malawi

Copeland, Ian R Harvard University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

When a humanitarian project utilizes musical strategies, who benefits? The target community in which the musical practices are imagined to reside? Or humanitarians themselves, drawn in by a fusion of service and adventure? This dissertation tackles this question through an ethnomusicological analysis of several international aid organizations that operate in the Republic of Malawi. I argue in favor of a repositioning of music’s role in development encounters: rather than presume sound’s normative efficacy, I demonstrate that the affective surplus produced by many musical interventions can lead to interpersonal consequences that are unintended, overlooked, and, from the perspective of project designers, even counterproductive. Drawing on twenty months of fieldwork in and around Malawi’s capital city of Lilongwe, I explore these dynamics across four case studies. First, I consider World Camp, Incorporated, an organization that recruits college-aged Americans to Malawi to teach from a primary school curriculum dedicated to HIV/AIDS biology, environmentalism, and gender relations. Second, I detail Music Crossroads, a music school and performance space known as an incubator of Malawian musical talent that also plays host to international volunteers from Norway, Brazil, and Mozambique. Third, I analyze the Beating Heart Project, an initiative conceived by British producers to remix and rerelease a cache of mid-twentieth century field recordings with proceeds benefiting a community garden program in contemporary Malawi. And fourth, I profile the Tumaini Music and Arts Festival, an annual festival held in Dzaleka Refugee Camp that spotlights non-Malawian refugees as performers, entrepreneurs, organizers, and hosts. Whatever its protean effects in the humanitarian endeavors I describe, music, I argue, seldom does what it is meant by its invokers to do. Attention paid to this slippage between organizational theory and experiential praxis places tension on the still-commonplace presumption that musical sound and social change go predictably hand-in-hand.