Brazilian savannah fruits: Characteristics, properties, and potential applications

Cinthia Aparecida de Andrade Silva,Gustavo Graciano Fonseca 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

The Brazilian savannah is the second largest biome of the country, and it displays great biodiversity. The fruits of the native trees have peculiar characteristics and are recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about their technological and biotechnological potential applications. The existing information concerning these aspects has never been compiled so far. It is known that many of these fruits contain many bioactive compounds of industrial interest, such as carotenoids and phenolic constituents. Another aspect of the fruit is the high fatty acid content of some species. Pequi, bocaiuva, jatoba, baru, amburama, and buriti, for instance, are among those fruits described as being rich in fatty acids, mostly unsaturated ones. Here, we reviewed 18 species from the Brazilian savannah identified to be of interest because of high potencial for sustained medium- and short-term explorations, under the technological and biotechnological aspects, seeking the development of new products from these scarcely studied raw materials.

Spatial and Temporal Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hemileia vastatrix from Peruvian Coffee Plantations

Cinthia Quispe-Apaza,Roberto Mansilla-Samaniego,Rosa Espejo-Joya,Giovanni Bernacchia,Marisela Yabar-Larios,Cé,sar Ló,pez-Bonilla 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.3

Population genetic studies of Hemileia vastatrix have been conducted in order to describe the evolutionary dynamics of the pathogen and the disease epidemiology as consequence of changes in disease management and host distribution occurred in Peru after the 2013 epi- demic. These analyses were performed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosom- al DNA (rDNA-ITS) of H. vastatrix collected from two coffee growing areas in 2014 and 2018. H. vastatrix pop- ulation showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.9373 ± 0.0115) with a low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00322 ± 0.00018). Likewise, AMOVA indicated that fungus population has behaved as a large population with- out structuring by geographical origin and sampling years (FST = 0.00180, P = 0.20053 and FST = 0.00241, P = 0.19693, respectively). Additionally, the haplotype network based on intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of H. vastatrix using Peruvian and NCBI sequences revealed that Peruvian ancestral haplotypes, which were maintained in time and space, would correspond to the reported sequences of the races II and XXII. This result suggests that no substantial changes have occurred through time in Peruvian Hemileia vastatrix population.

Brazilian savannah fruits: Characteristics, properties, and potential applications

Silva, Cinthia Aparecida de Andrade,Fonseca, Gustavo Graciano 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

The Brazilian savannah is the second largest biome of the country, and it displays great biodiversity. The fruits of the native trees have peculiar characteristics and are recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic aspects. However, little is known about their technological and biotechnological potential applications. The existing information concerning these aspects has never been compiled so far. It is known that many of these fruits contain many bioactive compounds of industrial interest, such as carotenoids and phenolic constituents. Another aspect of the fruit is the high fatty acid content of some species. Pequi, bocaiuva, jatoba, baru, amburama, and buriti, for instance, are among those fruits described as being rich in fatty acids, mostly unsaturated ones. Here, we reviewed 18 species from the Brazilian savannah identified to be of interest because of high potencial for sustained medium- and short-term explorations, under the technological and biotechnological aspects, seeking the development of new products from these scarcely studied raw materials.

Integrating Reading Aloud, Writing, and Assessment Through Voice Recording With EFL Learning*

Chong Cinthia M. 영상영어교육학회 2022 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.23 No.4

This study attempts to develop an EFL learning output activity by integrating reading aloud, writing, and assessment through voice recording. 62 college students participated in the activities for 15 weeks. Surveys, self-evaluations, and teacher evaluations were conducted and analyzed using the SPSS t-test to examine the students’ reactions to the activities. The survey results for the psychological questionnaires on confidence, anxiety, and attitude toward English were not statistically significant except with regard to willingness to practice English. The students became familiar with the activities and this might have led them to feel that they could improve their English skills through this repetitive integrated activity. Additionally, while students’ self-evaluation results in the competence for listening, reading, speaking, grammar, and vocabulary were statistically significant (p < .05), the competences for writing and pronunciation were not. Writing fatigue and pronunciation mistakes encountered during the activities might have contributed to students’ negative reactions in the confidence, anxiety, and attitude questionnaires. Nevertheless, it can be surmised that the integrated activities could help activate the English knowledge possessed by students. The methodology can also be recommended for use in EFL classes to make students become active participants and be aware of their English competence.

A Case Study on Reading Aloud Using English TV News

Chong,Cinthia M 영상영어교육학회 2021 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.22 No.1

This study deals with the effectiveness of reading aloud using English TV news to increase the number of opportunities and improve self-confidence in producing English utterances for EFL learners. Reading aloud using English TV news contents was adopted to induce a certain number of English utterances, and self-voice recording via smartphones was conducted to provide an objective perspective on learners’ progress during the activity. The data from the pre- and post-survey questionnaires show that the reading-aloud activity using English TV news during a single semester increased EFL learners’ self-confidence in producing English utterances. Post-survey results indicate respective increases of 39 percent, 29 percent, and 20 percent in reading a text aloud, delivering a presentation, and speaking in comparison to presurvey results. Furthermore, learners with no overseas English learning experience showed significantly more positive reactions toward the reading-aloud activity than those with overseas English learning experience. The effectiveness is noticeable as it increases self-confidence to a level close to that of learners with overseas learning experience. This study provides insights into reading aloud activity using English TV news on EFL learners with no overseas learning experience and on their selfconfidence in practicing English speaking skills.

Exploring Effective Translation Activities at College Level with Reference to Reading Aloud: A Case Study

Chong,Cinthia Myonghui 한국통번역교육학회 2019 통번역교육연구 Vol.17 No.3

The current study aims to apply and examine a reading aloud activity as an effective and efficient translation activity. This study utilized repeated reading aloud and self-voice recordings to practice a target language. The reading aloud activity allowed the participants to experience success repeatedly so that they could: (i) gain perspective on the overall progress that they made during the repeated reading aloud activities and voice-recordings, and (ii) gain an awareness of their own language skills by rating themselves from an objective standpoint to some degree. Considering the data results, it can be assumed that reading aloud activity may provide translation learners with regular experiences of success and would help to increase their self-confidence to use the target language. Overall, the reading aloud activity seemed to be an effective method for translation learners, for the following purposes: (i) to practice a target language, (ii) to increase language skills of the target language, and (iii) to enhance self-confidence in using the target language.

XMCD Study of the Magnetic Exchange Coupling in a Fluoride-Bridged Dy-Cr Molecular Cluster

Jan Dreiser,Cinthia Piamonteze,Frithjof Nolting,Kasper S. Pedersen,Jesper Bendix,Stefano Rusponi,Harald Brune 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.10

We have studied the fluoride-bridged Dy-Cr molecular nanomagnet [Dy(hfac)4-CrF2(py)4]·1/2CHCl3 by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The obtained element-specific magnetization curves allow for a quantification of the sign and strength of the magnetic exchange coupling between the Dy and the Cr ions. In an effective spin-1/2 formalism only taking into account the ground Kramers doublet of the DyIII ion, we find a coupling strength of jeff,z =–2.3(1) cm−1. Further, we find that the ground Kramers doublet is nearly perfectly axial with geff,z,Dy = 19.6(6) and geff,xy,Dy = 0(2). The coupling value corresponds to a “true”, non-effective isotropic coupling of j = –0.16 cm−1 when taking into account a full J = 15/2 angular momentum. This coupling strength is comparable to that of j = –0.18 cm−1 previously found in the related fluoride-bridged compound Dy-Cr-Dy.

Effect of lipid source and emulsifier on productive and physiological parameters of broilers

Tenório Karine Isabela,Eyng Cinthia,do Amaral Duarte Cristiane Regina,Vianna Nunes Ricardo,Broch Jomara,Rohloff Júnior Nilton,Köhler Tânia Luiza,Hagdon Cirilo Edinan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of degummed soybean oil (DSO) by acid soybean oil (ASO) in diets with or without the inclusion of emulsifier on broiler performance, relative organ weight, lipase activity, intestinal morphometry, and nutrient digestibility. Methods: A total of 704 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allotted to a 2×2 completely randomized factorial design (with or without emulsifier × two lipid sources [ASO and DSO]), with eight replicates and 22 birds each. The metabolizable energy level in diets with emulsifier was reduced by 40 kcal/kg from 1 to 21 d and 50 kcal/kg from 22 to 49 d. Results: Broilers fed diets containing ASO without emulsifier had higher (p = 0.005) weight gain than DSO-fed animals and with the inclusion of emulsifier had worse (p = 0.018) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed diets with emulsifier worsened FCR regardless of lipid source from 1 to 21 days (p = 0.006) and from 1 to 49 days (p = 0.0002). There was an increase (p = 0.026) in the relative pancreas weight, at 14 days, in birds fed diets containing ASO. Lipase activity and morphometry of the duodenum and jejunum, at 14 and 21 days, were not affected (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion of emulsifier improved the digestible energy (p = 0.053) in the presence of ASO. For the digestibility coefficients (gross energy, crude protein, and mineral matter), no interference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of emulsifier to energy-restricted diet with ASO maintained broiler performance in the first week, but worsened FCR in subsequent phases. The ASO can be considered as an alternative lipid source to DSO and does not interfere with the morphophysiological characteristics and performance of broilers. The combination of ASO and emulsifier increased the digestible energy content by 6.2%. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of degummed soybean oil (DSO) by acid soybean oil (ASO) in diets with or without the inclusion of emulsifier on broiler performance, relative organ weight, lipase activity, intestinal morphometry, and nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 704 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allotted to a 2×2 completely randomized factorial design (with or without emulsifier × two lipid sources [ASO and DSO]), with eight replicates and 22 birds each. The metabolizable energy level in diets with emulsifier was reduced by 40 kcal/kg from 1 to 21 d and 50 kcal/kg from 22 to 49 d.Results: Broilers fed diets containing ASO without emulsifier had higher (p = 0.005) weight gain than DSO-fed animals and with the inclusion of emulsifier had worse (p = 0.018) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed diets with emulsifier worsened FCR regardless of lipid source from 1 to 21 days (p = 0.006) and from 1 to 49 days (p = 0.0002). There was an increase (p = 0.026) in the relative pancreas weight, at 14 days, in birds fed diets containing ASO. Lipase activity and morphometry of the duodenum and jejunum, at 14 and 21 days, were not affected (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion of emulsifier improved the digestible energy (p = 0.053) in the presence of ASO. For the digestibility coefficients (gross energy, crude protein, and mineral matter), no interference was observed (p>0.05).Conclusion: The inclusion of emulsifier to energy-restricted diet with ASO maintained broiler performance in the first week, but worsened FCR in subsequent phases. The ASO can be considered as an alternative lipid source to DSO and does not interfere with the morphophysiological characteristics and performance of broilers. The combination of ASO and emulsifier increased the digestible energy content by 6.2%.

Nuclear magnetic resonance assignment strategy for pentacyclic triterpenes, using lup‑20(29)‑ene from Pilotrichella flexilis as model system, combining spectrally filtered proton‑to‑carbon schemes and DFT–GIAO approach

Jose Enrique Herbert‑Pucheta,Cinthia Mejía‑Lara,Benito Reyes‑Trejo,Lino Reyes,Holber Zuleta‑Prada 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.3

The present work comprises a method to obtain full proton-to-carbon nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift assignment of a C30H50 lup-20(29)-ene, for the first time obtained from the Mexican native mosses Pilotrichella flexilis, wherein said method consists in a combination of the following NMR schemes: 1D-13C (DEPT-135), 2D-{1H–13C} HMBC with a spectral filter for promoting only weak-c.a. 2 Hz-long-range scalar couplings, 2D-{1H–1H} EXSY with long mixing times to favour only weak H–H dipolar correlations and ultra-high resolution one- and two-dimensional 1H instant homodecoupling Psyche pure shift. Full set of assigned resonances were compared against the theoretical isotropic chemical shifts computed with a gauge invariant atomic orbital–density functional theory with self consistent reaction field calculation, retrieving accurate agreements, despite the intrinsic severe signal overlap that these C30 hydrocarbon triterpenes experimentally present. Therefore, a 3D-structure supported by experimental NMR data of this type of important metabolite precursor in plants can be proposed.

Impact of Zinc Stress on Biochemical and Biophysical Parameters in Coffea Arabica Seedlings

Jacqueline Oliveira dos Santos,Cinthia Aparecida Andrade,Kamila Rezende Dázio de Souza,Meline de Oliveira Santos,Isabel Rodrigues Brandão,Jose Donizeti Alves,Iasminy Silva Santos 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for the healthy development of plants, since its insufficient and supraoptimal doses can disrupt the metabolism and biomass production. We aimed to investigate the physiological responses of coffee seedlings to Zn deficiency and excess. Six-month-old seedlings were transferred to plastic pots containing a nutrient solution. The treatments were control (0.03 ppm), zinc deficiency (0.00 ppm), and zinc excess (0.12 ppm). The evaluations were performed in leaves and roots at the beginning of the treatments and after 30 and 60 d of treatments. Zn deficiency and excess increased the production of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes activity, ascorbate, and lipid peroxidation contents. The imbalance in zinc nutrition reduced total chlorophyll content and increased carotenoids content throughout the experimental period. Lower biomass and proline accumulation were observed only for deficient seedlings at the end of the experiment. The characteristics analyzed showed that zinc deficiency caused greater damage to the Coffea arabica plants of (Catuai cultivar) than zinc excess.