Single cell gap polymer-stabilized blue-phase transflective LCDs using internal nanowire grid polarizer

Hong-Qing Cui,Zhi-Cheng Ye,Wei Hu,XiaoWen Lin,T.C. Chung,Tean-Sen Jen,Yan-Qing Lu 한국정보디스플레이학회 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.3

Optically isotropic liquid crystal (LC) mixture such as blue-phase LC and nanostructured LC composites exhibit the advantages of fast response time, high contrast ratio and wide-viewing angle due to the induced birefringence along the horizontal electric field. Utilizing this mixture, a novel single cell gap in-plane switching-type polymer-stabilized blue-phase transflective liquid crystal display by embedding the nanowire grid polarizer as a polarization-dependent reflective polarizer in the R region is proposed. This device can be used as a normal black mode without any quarter-wave plate or patterned in-cell phase retarder. Moreover, the transmittance is identical to the reflectance so that it will be suitable for single gamma driving. Detailed electro-optic performances, such as voltage-dependent light efficiency and viewing angle of the proposed device configuration, are investigated.

Predominant $D_1$ Receptors Involvement in the Over-expression of CART Peptides after Repeated Cocaine Administration

Hu, Zhenzhen,Oh, Eun-Hye,Chung, Yeon Bok,Hong, Jin Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of dopaminergic receptors (DR) in behavioral sensitization, as measured by locomotor activity, and the over-expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides after repeated administration of cocaine in mice. Repeated administrations of cocaine induced behavioral sensitization and CART over-expression in mice. The levels of striatal CART mRNA were significantly increased on the $3^{rd}$ day. CART peptides were over-expressed on the $5^{th}$ day in the striata of behaviorally sensitized mice. A higher proportion of $CART^+$ cells in the cocaine-treated mice were present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell than in the dorsolateral (DL) part of caudate putamen (CP). The concomitant administration of both $D_1R$ and $D_2R$ antagonists, SCH 23390 ($D_1R$ selective) and raclopride ($D_2R$ selective), blocked cocaine induced-behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression, and cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)/ protein kinase A (PKA)/phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) signal pathways. SCH 23390 more predominantly inhibited the locomotor activity, CART over-expression, pCREB and PKA activity than raclopride. Cocaine induced-behavioral sensitization was also attenuated in the both $D_1R$ and $D_2R$ knockout (KO) mice, respectively. CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/pCREB signal pathways were inhibited in the $D_1R$-KO mice, but not in the $D_2R$-KO mice. It is suggested that behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/pCREB signal pathways induced by repeated administration of cocaine could be more predominantly mediated by $D_1R$.

Caffeine induces behavioural sensitization and overexpression of cocaine-regulated and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides in mice :

Hu, Zhenzhen,Lee, Chung-Il,Han, Jin-Yi,Oh, Eun-Hye,Ryu, Jong-Hoon,Hong, Jin Tae,Kim, Youngsoo,Oh, Ki-Wan Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Wi 2014 Behavioural pharmacology Vol.25 No.1

Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on reproductive performance in gestating sows and growth of their progeny

( Lin Hu Fang ),( Ying Hai Jin ),( Jae Hark Jeong ),( Jin Su Hong ),( Woo Lim Chung ),( Yoo Yong Kim ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.3

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk quality, and blood profiles in gestating sows. A total of 59 multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) with similar body weights (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of six treatments with 9 or 10 sows per treatment using a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and completely randomized design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 or 13.82 MJ/kg) and the second factor was three dietary protein levels based from 35 day in gestating phases (10.5%, 12%, and 13.5%). Backfat thickness change in lactating sows decreased linearly as CP level increased (p = 0.03). Increased energy level in the gestating sow diet tended to increase the total number of piglets born (p = 0.07), but piglet weight decreased (p = 0.02). Dietary CP level had a negative effect on colostrum quality. Casein, protein, total solid, and solids-not-fat concentrations decreased linearly and lactose level increased linearly as CP level in the gestating sow diet increased (casein%: p = 0.03; protein%: p = 0.04; lactose%: p = 0.06; total solids: p = 0.03; solid-not-fat: p = 0.03, respectively). However, improving ME by 0.42 MJ/kg had no significant effect on the chemical composition of sow colostrum. There were no significant differences in blood glucose concentration in gestating sows when sows were fed different levels of energy during gestation, but blood glucose increased at 21 day of lactation when energy increased by 0.42 MJ/kg (p = 0.04). Blood urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly when dietary CP levels increased at 110 day in gestation, 24-hours postpartum, and 21 days of lactation (linear, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively), and it also increased when dietary energy increased at 110 days of gestation and 24-hours postpartum (p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively). A gestating sow diet containing 13.82 MJ/kg ME and 10.5% CP can improve reproductive performance, litter performance, and colostrum quality.

Predominant D₁ Receptors Involvement in the Over-expression of CART Peptides after Repeated Cocaine Administration

Zhenzhen Hu,Eun-Hye Oh,Yeon Bok Chung,Jin Tae Hong,Ki-Wan Oh 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of dopaminergic receptors (DR) in behavioral sensitization, as measured by locomotor activity, and the over-expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides after repeated administration of cocaine in mice. Repeated administrations of cocaine induced behavioral sensitization and CART over-expression in mice. The levels of striatal CART mRNA were significantly increased on the 3^rd day. CART peptides were over-expressed on the 5^th day in the striata of behaviorally sensitized mice. A higher proportion of CART⁺ cells in the cocaine-treated mice were present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell than in the dorsolateral (DL) part of caudate putamen (CP). The concomitant administration of both D₁R and D₂R antagonists, SCH 23390 (D₁R selective) and raclopride (D₂R selective), blocked cocaine induced- behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression, and cyclic adenosine 5’-monophosphate (cAMP)/ protein kinase A (PKA)/phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (<i>p</i>CREB) signal pathways. SCH 23390 more predominantly inhibited the locomotor activity, CART over-expression, <i>p</i>CREB and PKA activity than raclopride. Cocaine induced-behavioral sensitization was also attenuated in the both D₁R and D₂R knockout (KO) mice, respectively. CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/<i>p</i>CREB signal pathways were inhibited in the D₁R-KO mice, but not in the D₂R-KO mice. It is suggested that behavioral sensitization, CART over-expression and activated cAMP/PKA/<i>p</i>CREB signal pathways induced by repeated administration of cocaine could be more predominantly mediated by D₁R.

Single cell gap polymer-stabilized blue-phase transflective LCDs using internal nanowire grid polarizer

Cui, Hong-Qing,Ye, Zhi-Cheng,Hu, Wei,Lin, Xiao Wen,Chung, T.C.,Jen, Tean-Sen,Lu, Yan-Qing The Korean Infomation Display Society 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.3

Optically isotropic liquid crystal (LC) mixture such as blue-phase LC and nanostructured LC composites exhibit the advantages of fast response time, high contrast ratio and wide-viewing angle due to the induced birefringence along the horizontal electric field. Utilizing this mixture, a novel single cell gap in-plane switching-type polymer-stabilized blue-phase transflective liquid crystal display by embedding the nanowire grid polarizer as a polarization-dependent reflective polarizer in the R region is proposed. This device can be used as a normal black mode without any quarter-wave plate or patterned in-cell phase retarder. Moreover, the transmittance is identical to the reflectance so that it will be suitable for single gamma driving. Detailed electro-optic performances, such as voltage-dependent light efficiency and viewing angle of the proposed device configuration, are investigated.

Comparison of the Affymetrix SNP Array 5.0 and Oligoarray Platforms for Defining CNV

Kim, Ji-Hong,Jung, Seung-Hyun,Hu, Hae-Jin,Yim, Seon-Hee,Chung, Yeun-Jun Korea Genome Organization 2010 Genomics & informatics Vol.8 No.3

Together with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), copy number variations (CNV) are recognized to be the major component of human genetic diversity and used as a genetic marker in many disease association studies. Affymetrix Genome-wide SNP 5.0 is one of the commonly used SNP array platforms for SNP-GWAS as well as CNV analysis. However, there has been no report that validated the accuracy and reproducibility of CNVs identified by Affymetrix SNP array 5.0. In this study, we compared the characteristics of CNVs from the same set of genomic DNAs detected by three different array platforms; Affymetrix SNP array 5.0, Agilent 2X244K CNV array and NimbleGen 2.1M CNV array. In our analysis, Affymetrix SNP array 5.0 seems to detect CNVs in a reliable manner, which can be applied for association studies. However, for the purpose of defining CNVs in detail, Affymetrix Genome-wide SNP 5.0 might be relatively less ideal than NimbleGen 2.1M CNV array and Agilent 2X244K CNV array, which outperform Affymetrix array for defining the small-sized single copy variants. This result will help researchers to select a suitable array platform for CNV analysis.

Telomerase activity is required for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Liu, Tianju,Chung, Myoung Ja,Ullenbruch, Matthew,Yu, Hongfeng,Jin, Hong,Hu, Biao,Choi, Yoon Young,Ishikawa, Fuyuki,Phan, Sem H American Society for Clinical Investigation 2007 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.117 No.12

<P>In addition to its well-known expression in the germline and in cells of certain cancers, telomerase activity is induced in lung fibrosis, although its role in this process is unknown. To identify the pathogenetic importance of telomerase in lung fibrosis, we examined the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) deficiency in a murine model of pulmonary injury. TERT-deficient mice showed significantly reduced lung fibrosis following bleomycin (BLM) insult. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in expression of lung alpha-SMA, a marker of myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, lung fibroblasts isolated from BLM-treated TERT-deficient mice showed significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis rates compared with cells isolated from control mice. Transplantation of WT BM into TERT-deficient mice restored BLM-induced lung telomerase activity and fibrosis to WT levels. Conversely, transplantation of BM from TERT-deficient mice into WT recipients resulted in reduced telomerase activity and fibrosis. These findings suggest that induction of telomerase in injured lungs may be caused by BM-derived cells, which appear to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, TERT induction is associated with increased survival of lung fibroblasts, which favors the development of fibrosis instead of injury resolution.</P>

Enhancement of Aggregation-Induced Emission in Dye-Encapsulating Polymeric Micelles for Bioimaging

Wu, Wen-Chung,Chen, Ching-Yi,Tian, Yanqing,Jang, Sei-Hum,Hong, Yuning,Liu, Yang,Hu, Rongrong,Tang, Ben Zhong,Lee, Yi-Ting,Chen, Chin-Ti,Chen, Wen-Chang,Jen, Alex K.-Y. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.9

<P>Three amphiphilic block copolymers are employed to form polymeric micelles and function as nanocarriers to disperse hydrophobic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dyes, 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) and/or bis(4-(N-(1-naphthyl) phenylamino)-phenyl)fumaronitrile (NPAFN), into aqueous solution for biological studies. Compared to their virtually non-emissive properties in organic solutions, the fluorescence intensity of these AIE dyes has increased significantly due to the spatial confinement that restricts intramolecular rotation of these dyes and their better compatibility in the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles. The effect of the chemical structure of micelle cores on the photophysical properties of AIE dyes are investigated, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the green-emitting donor (HPS) to the red-emitting acceptor (NPAFN) is explored by co-encapsulating this FRET pair in the same micelle core. The highest fluorescence quantum yield (∼62%) could be achieved by encapsulating HPS aggregates in the micelles. Efficient energy transfer (>99%) and high amplification of emission (as high as 8 times) from the NPAFN acceptor could also be achieved by spatially confining the HPS/NPAFN FRET pair in the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles. These micelles could be successfully internalized into the RAW 264.7 cells to demonstrate high-quality fluorescent images and cell viability due to improved quantum yield and reduced cytotoxicity.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Highly efficient fluorescence probes are achieved through the encapsulation of aggregation-induced emission molecules, 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) and/or bis(4-(N-(1-naphthyl) phenylamino)-phenyl)fumaronitrile (NPAFN) in the core of polymeric micelles. Bright fluorescence cell images are shown with tunable colors of green directly from HPS aggregates and red through efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from HPS aggregates to NPAFN aggregates. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-9-ADFM200902043-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-9-ADFM200902043-content'> </P>

CNVRuler: a copy number variation-based case-control association analysis tool.

Kim, Ji-Hong,Hu, Hae-Jin,Yim, Seon-Hee,Bae, Joon Seol,Kim, Seon-Young,Chung, Yeun-Jun Oxford University Press 2012 Bioinformatics Vol.28 No.13

<P>The method for genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on copy number variation (CNV) is not as well established as that for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-GWAS. Although there are several tools for CNV association studies, most of them do not provide appropriate definitions of CNV regions (CNVRs), which are essential for CNV-association studies. Here we present a user-friendly program called CNVRuler for CNV-association studies. Outputs from the 10 most common CNV defining algorithms can be directly used as input files for determining the three different definitions of CNVRs. Once CNVRs are defined, CNVRuler supports four kinds of statistical association tests and options for population stratification. CNVRuler is based on the open-source programs R and Java from Sun Microsystems.</P>