일본의 통상정책 변화와 對동아시아 FTA추진전략

임천석,민경식 연세대학교 동서문제연구소 2004 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.16 No.2

일본-동아시아 관계를 둘러싼 세계 경제의 흐름은 글로벌화, 정보화(또는 IT화), 지역주의라는 화두로 설명할 수 있다. 20세기 후반 정보통신의 비약적인 발전은 자유무역의 확대, 자본이동의 자유화, 시장경제의 촉진에 의해 글로벌화를 가속시켰다. 이러한 글로벌화의 조류는 WTO에 의한 다자간 협상의 추진으로 표출되었으나 다자간 교섭에 난항이 거듭되고 새로운 라운드의 교섭방식과 범위를 둘러싸고, 참가국간의 견해가 크게 분열하면서 지역주의가 대두되기 시작하였다. 아시아에서는 중국이 글로벌화의 기회와 위협의 양면성을 가지고 경제대국으로서 급부상하고 있으며, 97년 아시아에 발생한 통화위기 이후 중국을 비롯한 동아시아 경제는 지역주의화의 움직임을 가속화 하고 있다. 여기에 자극 받은 일본은 세계통상환경 변화와 양국간 또는 지역간 무역자유화 협상의 중요성을 재인식하고 통상정책의 일대 전환을 시도하고 있다. 1990년대 이후 세계경제에서 일본의 위상은 점차 낮아지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 지난 10여 년간의 장기불황으로 침체국면에 빠져 있는 상황에서 정책전환이 요구되었다. 일본은 마침내 90년대 후반부터 WTO의 다자간 무역체제를 유지하면서 양자간 또는 지역주의 무역협정을 추진하는 중층적 통상정책으로 전환하기에 이르렀다. 이러한 정책기조의 변화는 FTA를 적극 추진하는 것으로 표출 되었으며 한일 FTA 협상의 추진도 그러한 맥락에서 접근해야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 세계경제환경 변화에 따른 일본의 통상정책 변화와 정책 수단으로 활용되고 있는FTA의 내용과 특징은 무엇이며 우리에게 주는 시사점은 무엇인지 알아보려 한다. 선행연구로서 일본의 통상정책변화를 FTA 추진 관점에서 자세히 분석한 이홍배(2003)의 연구와 한-일 FTA를 중심으로 분석한 정인교(2001), 김양희(2002)의 연구가 있으나, 본 연구에서는 연구범위를 극히 제한하여 동아시아를 중심으로 한일본의 통상정책변화에 대해 언급하고자 한다. 최근 일본의 통상정책 전개에 대해서는 靑木健(2002)이 동아시아 관계에 대해 자세히 분석하고 있다. 또한 일본의 FTA전략에 관한 연구는 浦田秀次郎(2002)가 있다. 이것은 일본의 시각에서 FTA전략을 논의한 것으로서 일본의 입장을 이해하는데 참고가 된다. 기존 연구는 연구범위가 넓고, 개괄적으로 일본의 통상정책을 다루고 있으나 본 연구에서는 일본의 통상정책변화에서 나타나고 있는 중장기적 정책목표에 초점을 맞춘다. 특히 동아시아에 대한 공격적 통상정책으로의 전환 의도와 FTA를 활용한 정책운용이 우리에게 주는 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. More recently, there is much of renewed interests to form regional integration arrangements in East Asia. The situation has much changed from, previously, where the region used to resist to such a formation. Indeed, regional trade liberalization, in brief, is an important and complex issue on an increasing globalized economy. East Asian Countries are promoting FTA, respectively. Especially in the case of Japan, a large change is shown. Japan has supported the commerce policy of the free trade centering on WTO. However, the negotiation on WTO reached the limit and change of a commerce policy is needed. Recently, Japan is performing a positive commerce policy to East Asia. Japan has already done FTA conclusion with some countries, and is continuing negotiation. This research describes a commerce policy and FTA strategy of Japan. It is the purpose to draw the suggestive point in Korea which is promoting FTA now. In Chapter Ⅱ, the production network and trade relation of Japan which are formed in Southeast Asia are described. In Chapter Ⅲ, an economic assistance relation with East Asia is described. In Chapter Ⅳ. FTA strategy for East Asia of Japan is described.

A new wheat variety, “Hojoong” with pre-harvest sprouting resistance, low amylose content and good noodles quality

Chon-Sik Kang,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Young-Keun Cheong,Hag-Sin Kim,Young-Jin Kim,InDuck Choi,Jong-Chul Park,Sang-Hyun Shin,Jae-Han Son,Kyong-Ho Kim,Jong-Nae Hyun,Kee-Jong Kim,Chu Soo Park 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

“Hojoong”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Iksan, Korea, during the period from 2006 to 2012. The heading and maturing dates of this variety were May 2 and June 10 in upland, and May 3 and June 7 in paddy field, respectively. It is an It is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft red winter wheat. Culm and spike length of “Hojoong” were 79cm and 9.1cm. It had lower test weight (803 g/ℓ) and 1,000 grain weight (39.5g) than “Keumkang”. It showed resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower rate of pre-harvest sprouting (5.5%) than “Keumkang”. “Hojoong” had lower flour yield (66.7%) and ash content (0.38%) than “Keumkang”. It showed lower protein content (11.3%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume (34.0㎖) and amylose content (20.5%) than “Keumkang”. It showed higher high viscosity (204BU) and lightness of noodle dough sheet (80.63). It showed different composition in HMW-GS compositios (2.2+12), PPO18 (876bp), GBSS B (null type) and Puroindolines composition compared th “Keumkang”. Average yield of “Hojoong” in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 5.51 ton/ha in upland and 5.10 ton/ha in paddy field. “Hojoong” would be suitable for the area above –10℃ of daily minimun temperature in January in Korean peninsula

A new waxy white grain wheat variety, “BaekChal” with pre-harvest sprouting and cold hardiness resistance and good cooking quality

Chon-Sik Kang,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Young-Keun Cheong,Hag-Sin Kim,Young-Jin Kim,InDuck Choi,Jong-Chul Park,Sang-Hyun Shin,Jae-Han Son,Kyong-Ho Kim,Jong-Nae Hyun,Kee-Jong Kim,Chu Soo Park 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

“Baechal”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Iksan, Korea, during the period from 2006 to 2012. The heading and maturing dates of this variety were May 1 and June 5 in upland, and May 2 and June 8 in paddy field, respectively. It is an It is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard white wheat. Culm and spike length of “Baekchal” were 75cm and 8.7cm. It had lower test weight (794g/ℓ) and 1,000 grain weight (35.7g) than “Keumkang”. It showed moderate to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower rate of pre-harvest sprouting (13.7%) than “Keumkang”. “Baekchal” had similar ash content (0.47%) and protein content (13.1%) to “Keumkang”. It showed lower gluten content (9.6%), SDS-sedimentation volume (38.2㎖) and amylose content (6.5%) than “Keumkang”. It showed higher high viscosity (643BU), water absorption (213%), expansibility of cooking (357%). It showed different composition in HMW-GS compositios (2*), PPO18 (876bp), GBSS (waxy type) and Puroindolines composition compared th “Keumkang”. Average yield of “Baekchal” in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 4.89 ton/ha in upland and 4.83 ton/ha in paddy field. “Baekchal” would be suitable for the area above –10℃ of daily minimun temperature in January in Korean peninsula

A new wheat variety, “Joah” with pre-harvest sprouting resistance, high yield and good cake quality

Chon-Sik Kang,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Sang-Hyun Shin,Young-Keun Chenog,Hag-Sin Kim,Young-Jin Kim,In Duck Choi,Kyong-Ho Kim,Kee-Jong Kim,Chul Soo Park 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

“Joah”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Iksan, Korea, during the period from 1997 to 2011. The heading and maturing dates of this variety were April 26 and June 8 in upland, and April 28 and June 6 in paddy field, respectively. It is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft winter wheat. Culm and spike length of “Joah” were 78 cm and 8.4 cm. It had lower test weight (763g/L) and l,000-grain weight (43.0 g) than “Keumkang”. It showed moderate to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower rate of pre-harvest sprouting (12.3%) than “Keumkang”. “Joah” had lower flour yield (66.3%) and ash content (0.33%) than “Keumkang”. It showed higher lightness (92.29) of flour color than “Keumkang”. It showed lower protein content (11.5%) and gluten content (10.7%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume(29㎖) and mixing time of mixograph than “Keumkang”. It was showed higher amylose content and high viscosity than “Keumkang”. It showed different compositions in HMW-GS compositions (2.2+12), PPO 18 (876bp) and Puroindolines composition compared to “Keumkang”. “Joah” showed similar firmness (2.20N) and higher volume of sponge cake to “Keumkang”. Average yield of “Joah” in the regional adaptation yield trial was 6.44 ton/ha in upland and 5.26 ton/ha in paddy field. “Joah” would be suitable for the area above -10℃ of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

A new red wheat variety, “Sooan” with good noodle quality and resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting

Chon-Sik Kang,Young-Keun Cheong,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Hag-Sin Kim,Young-Jin Kim,Kyong-Ho Kim,Jong-Chul Park,Choon-Ki Lee,Kwang-Geun Park,Ki-Hoon Park,Chulsoo Park 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

“Sooan”, a winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Keumkang/Eunpa//Keumkang” during 1997. “Sooan” was evaluated as “Iksan319” in advance yield trial test in 2006. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2007 and 2009. “Sooan” is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to “Keumkang” (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of “Sooan” were similar to “Keumkang”. “Sooan” had similar test weight (817 g/L) and lower 1,000-grain weigh (43.7g) than “Keumkang” (817 g/L and 46.2g, respectively). “Sooan” showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the low ridge (0.2%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (0.2%) than “Keumkang” (9.2 and 25.8%, respectively). “Sooan” showed lower protein content (12.7%), SDS-sedimentation volume (42.0ml) and gluten content (10.5%) than “Keumkang” (13.1%, 57.8ml and 10.8%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (90.08) and lower redness (-1.11) and yellowness (8.80) in flour color than “Keumkang” (89.81, -1.15 and 9.46, respectively). “Sooan” showed higher lightness (81.34) of noodle dough sheet than “Keumkang” (80.28). “Sooan” exhibited lower hardness (3.84N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.91 and 0.65) compared to “Keumkang” (4.54N, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively). Average yield of “Sooan” in the regional adaptation yield trial test was 5.94 MT/ha in upland and 5.63 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 3% and 8% higher than those of “Keumkang” (579 MT/ha and 520 MT/ha, respectively).

A new white wheat variety, “Joongmo2003” with early maturity, good noodle qualtiy and resistance to winter hardiness

Chon-Sik Kang,Young-Keun Cheong,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Hag-Sin Kim,Young-Jin Kim,Kyong-Ho Kim,Jong-Chul Park,Choon-Ki Lee,Kwang-Geun Park,Ki-Hoon Park,Chulsoo Park 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

“Joongmo2003”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “SW86054/Keumkang” during 1997. “Joongmo2003” was evaluated as “Iksan318” in advance yield trial test in 2006. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2007 and 2009. Its heading date was April 24 in upland and April 21 in paddy filed conditions, which were two days earlier than those of the check cultivar Keumkang, respectively, and Maturing date was June 4 in upland and June 2 in paddy field, one or two days earlier than those of Keumkang, respectively. “Joongmo2003” showed resistance to winter hardiness and pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the low ridge (0.3%) and rate of pre-harvest sprouting (18.5%) than “Keumkang” (9.2 and 25.8%, respectively).“Joongmo2003” showed similar protein content (13.2%), lower SDS-sedimentation volume (54.0ml) and higher gluten content (11.7%) than “Keumkang” (13.1%, 57.8ml and 10.8%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (89.85) of flour and noodle dough sheet than “Keumkang” (89.81 and 80.28, respectively). “Joongmo2003” exhibited similar hardness (3.84), springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.92 and 0.63) compared to “Keumkang” (4.54N, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively). The average grain yield in the regional yield trial was 5.55MT/ha in upland and 4.85 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 4% and 7% lower than those of the check cultivar, Keumkang, respectively.

Effect of Polyphenol Oxidase Activity on Discoloration of Noodle Dough Sheet Prepared from Korean Wheats

Chon-Sik Kang,Young-Keun Cheong,Sun-Lim Kim,Dae-Ki Kim,Jung-Gon Kim,Chul Soo Park 韓國作物學會 2008 Korean journal of crop science Vol.53 No.2

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is implicated in discoloration of white salted noodles and other wheat based foods. PPO activity was evaluated to determine the effect on discoloration of noodle dough sheets prepared from 25 Korean wheat flours during storage and to screen experimental lines with low PPO activity in 52 Korean wheats. PPO activity was assayed with whole-seed and performed with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. Absorbance by L-DOPA assay of 25 Korean wheats was from 0.285 to 1.368 at 475 nm. PPO activity was significantly related with grain characteristics, including 1000-kernel weight and grain colors. In flour characteristics, PPO activity positively correlated with ash and protein content (r = 0.658, P < 0.001 and r = 0.424, P < 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with L* value of flour (r = 0.412, P < 0.05). In the changes of color of noodle dough sheet, L* and b* values consistently decreased and a* value increased during storage. PPO activity negatively correlated with L* value of noodle dough sheet during storage (r = 0.566, P < 0.01 at 2 hr, r = 0.547, P < 0.01 at 24 hr, and r = 0.509, P < 0.01 at 48 hr). But, no significant relationship was found in between PPO activity, a* and b* values during storage. The 52 Korean wheat lines examined in this study were divided into 3 different groups, low (< 0.500), medium (0.501-0.999) and high level (> 1.000), on the basis of the level of PPO activity. Twenty two Korean wheat lines showed low level of PPO activity and Suwon 252, 277 and 280 showed lower PPO activity (< 0.200) than others.

DIE ZEITPHILOSOPHIE IN PLATONS 'TIMAIOS'

CHON, KOANG-SIK 高神大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Eros(ερωs) und Mania(μανi α)im Platonischen Denken : Erotischer Wahnsinn im 'Phairdros' Platons

Chon,Koang Sik 高神大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

A new white wheat variety, “Joongmo2012” with low amylose and resistance to winter hardiness and moderate pre-harvest sprouting

Chon-Sik Kang,Young-Keun Cheong,Kyeong-Hoon Kim,Hag-Sin Kim,Jong-Nae Hyun,Kyong-Ho Kim,Jong-Chul Park,Choon-Ki Lee,Kwang-Geun Park,Ki-Hoon Park,Chulsoo Park 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

“Joongmo2012”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Sinmichal/Keumkang” during 2006. “Joongmo2012” was evaluated as “Iksan357” in advance yield trial test in 2010. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2011 and 2013. Its heading date was May 2 in upland and May 1 in paddy filed conditions, and Maturing date was June 8 in upland and June 8 in paddy field, which were similar to Keumkang, respectively. It showed 628 in number of spikes per m2, 34 of grain number per spike, 47.6g of 1,000 grain weight, and 762g of test weight. “Joongmo2012” showed susceptible to Fusarium head blight (Scab) in test of specific character although “Keumkang” is susceptible to scab. “Joongmo2012” had lower flour yield (68.4%) than “Keumkang” (73.5%, respectively). “Joongmo2012” showed similar ash (0.40%), lower protein content (11.7%), SDSsedimentation volume (39.8ml) and gluten content (8.1%) than “Keumkang” (0.41%, 12.7%, 55.8ml and 9.2%, respectively). It showed higher lightness (92.70) in flour color than “Keumkang” (91.51, respectively). “Joongmo2012” exhibited lower hardness (3.19N), similar springiness and higher cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.90 and 0.66) compared to “Keumkang” (4.21N, 0.90, and 0.62, respectively). The average grain yield in the regional yield trial was 5.48MT/ha in upland and 4.47 MT/ha in paddy field, which were higher 5% and similar than those of the check cultivar, Keumkang, respectively