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A practical approach for small bowel bleeding
Sung Eun Kim,김현진,Myeongseok Koh,Min Cheol Kim,Joon Sung Kim,Ji Hyung Nam,Young Kwan Cho,A Reum Choe,The Research Group for Capsule Endoscopy and Enteroscopy of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal E 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.3
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common conditions among patients visiting emergency departments in Korea. GI bleeding is divided into upper and lower GI bleeding, according to the bleeding site. GI bleeding is also divided into overt and occult GI bleeding based on bleeding characteristics. In addition, obscure GI bleeding refers to recurrent or persistent GI bleeding from a source that cannot be identified after esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy. The small intestine is the largest part of the alimentary tract. It extends from the pylorus to the cecum. The small intestine is difficult to access owing to its long length. Moreover, it is not fixed to the abdominal cavity. When hemorrhage occurs in the small intestine, the source cannot be found in many cases because of the characteristics of the small intestine. In practice, small-intestinal bleeding accounts for most of the obscure GI bleeding. Therefore, in this review, we introduce and describe systemic approaches and examination methods, including video capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy, that can be performed in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding in clinical practice.
( Sang Yoon Jeon ),( Ji Hyun Choe ),( Sang Eun Lee ),( Jae Hong Park ),( Si Ra Bang ),( Yong Han Kim ) 대한통증학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.24 No.4
Surgical excision was performed on a 30-years old woman with a painful mass on her left thigh. The pathologic findings on the mass indicated fibromatosis. After the operation, she complained of allodynia and spontaneous pain at the operation site and ipsilateral lower leg. We treated her based on postoperative femoral neuropathy, but symptom was aggravated. We found a large liposarcoma in her left iliopsoas muscle which compressed the lumbar plexus. In conclusion, the cause of pain was lumbar plexopathy related to a mass in the left iliopsoas muscle. Prompt diagnosis of acute neuropathic pain after an operation is important and management must be based on exact causes.
Choe, Hui-Seon,Kim, Min-Cheol,Moon, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Eun-Soo,Kim, Si-Jin,Lee, Gyu-Ho,Won, Ji-Eun,Park, Kyung-Won Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Germanium (Ge) is a high-capacity material that has been extensively studied due to its relatively high theoretical capacity, excellent electrical conductivity, and high Li diffusion coefficient. However, to overcome the severe volumetric expansion of Ge caused by the alloy/dealloy process during cycling, composite structures consisting of Ge and a highly stable 2nd material need to be developed. In this study, a composite structure consisting of Ge and Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> (Ge/Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>) is prepared using a facile, in-situ process with GeO<SUB>2</SUB> and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> under an H<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere at 900°C. Ge/Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> exhibits a relatively small particle size of < 1µm compared to pure Ge (> 10µm) prepared in the absence of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Ge/Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> as an anode for LIB shows a highly reversible capacity and enhanced cycling performance compared to pure Ge electrode. The enhanced electrochemical properties of Ge/Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> might be attributed to Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> acting as an electronically conductive matrix in the composite, which could buffer the pulverization of Ge during the cycle.</P>
Choe, Jeong-Dong,Yeo, Kyoung-Hwan,Ahn, Young-Joon,Lee, Jong-Jin,Lee, Se-Hoon,Choi, Byung-Yong,Sung, Suk-Kang,Cho, Eun-Suk,Lee, Choong-Ho,Kim, Dong-Won,Chung, Il-Sub,Park, Dong-Gun,Ryu, Byung-Il The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.2
We propose a damascene gate FinFET with Si nanocrystals implemented on bulk silicon wafer for low voltage flash memory device. The use of optimized SRON (Silicon-Rich Oxynitride) process allows a high degree of control of the Si excess in the oxide. The FinFET with Si nanocrystals shows high program/erase (P/E) speed, large $V_{TH}$ shifts over 2.5V at 12V/$10{\mu}s$ for program and -12V/1ms for erase, good retention time, and acceptable endurance characteristics. Si nanocrystal memory with damascene gate FinFET is a solution of gate stack and voltage scaling for future generations of flash memory device. Index Terms-FinFET, Si-nanocrystal, SRON(Si-Rich Oxynitride), flash memory device.
Eun Sang Choe,Jong Yeon Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.5 No.4
<P> Activation of D1-like dopamine receptors by psychostimulants, such as amphetamine, upregulates the expression of immediate early gene and opioid peptide gene in the striatum. The genomic changes are regulated by phosphorylated transcription factors via complicated intracellular events. To evaluate temporal expression of the transcription factors by dopaminergic stimulation, the D1-like dopamine agonist, amphetamine or SKF82958, was systematically delivered. As intracellular markers in response to the agonist, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), Fos-related antigens (FRA) and FosB immunoreactivity (IR) was compared at 20 and 120 min time points in the selected areas of the striatum. Semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry showed that amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased pCREB-IR at 20 min, sustained up to 60 min and decreased at 120 min after the infusion. Like amphetamine, the full D1 agonist, SKF82958 (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), also increased pCREB-IR at 20 min, but not at 120 min after the infusion in the dorsal striatum (caudoputaman, CPu) and shell of ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens, NAc). In contrast, FRA- and FosB-IR induced by SKF82958 was significantly increased at 120 min, but not at 20 min after the administration. These data indicate that SKF82958 mimics induction of CREB phosphorylation by amphetamine and differentially regulates temporal induction of pCREB, and FRA and FosB expression in the striatum.
Choe, So-Hui,Choi, Eun-Young,Hyeon, Jin-Yi,Keum, Bo Ram,Choi, In Soon,Kim, Sung-Jo Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.75 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Telmisartan, widely prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, has an anti-inflammatory property in addition to being an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. This study was carried out to explore the influence of telmisartan upon the elaboration of inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from <I>Prevotella intermedia</I>, a periodontal pathogen, as well as its molecular mechanisms. Telmisartan significantly inhibited LPS-induced generation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase-derived NO and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as their gene expressions in RAW264.7 cells. Telmisartan treatment of LPS-activated cells significantly up-regulated arginase 1 (Arg-1) and chitinase-like 3 (Ym-1), which are specific markers of M2 macrophages. Telmisartan caused a significant increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cells stimulated with LPS, and its inhibitory action against NO production was reversed by treatment with SnPP, an HO-1 inhibitor. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 induced by LPS was attenuated by telmisartan. Telmisartan inhibited LPS-induced generation of NO and IL-1β independently of PPAR-γ activation. In addition, activation of NF-κB as well as JNK and p38 signaling induced by LPS was not modulated by telmisartan. In summary, telmisartan is a potent inhibitor of <I>P. intermedia</I> LPS-induced generation of NO and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells and promotes macrophage phenotype switching toward the M2 phenotype. Telmisartan may have potential to be developed into host modulatory agent for inflammatory periodontal disease, although additional studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Prevotella intermedia</I> is one of the pathogens implicated in periodontal disease. </LI> <LI> Telmisartan suppressed <I>P. intermedia</I> LPS-elicited NO and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells. </LI> <LI> Telmisartan promoted macrophage phenotype switching toward the M2 phenotype. </LI> <LI> Telmisartan acts by inducing HO-1 expression and blocking STAT1/3 activation. </LI> <LI> Telmisartan may have benefits as an immunomodulatory agent for periodontal disease. </LI> </UL> </P>
Impact of Education on School Nurses’ Knowledge of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Eun Soo Kim,Ki Tae Kwon,Sung Kook Kim,Miyoung Kim,Hyun Seok Lee,Byung Ik Jang,Kyeong Ok Kim,Eun Young Kim,Yoo Jin Lee,Suk Jin Hong,Chang Heon Yang,Ben Kang,Byung-Ho Choe,Crohn’s and Colitis Associatio 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.1
Background/Aims: School nurses’ knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been evaluated. We aimed to investigate school nurses’ knowledge of IBD and determine whether education could improve this knowledge. Methods: School nurses were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires on IBD. Then, IBD specialists from tertiary referral hospitals provided a 60-minute lecture with educational brochures on two occasions, with a 3-month interval. Within 6 months after the educational interventions, school nurses were asked to complete the same IBD questionnaire via e-mail. Results: Among 101 school nurses who were invited to participate, 54 nurses (53.5%) who completed two consecutive questionnaires were included in this study (median age, 45 years; range, 25 to 59 years; 100% female); 11.1% and 7.4% of the study participants had no knowledge regarding ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, respectively. They had heard of IBD most frequently from doctors (33.3%), followed by internet sources (25.9%). After 6 months, the number of nurses who could explain IBD to students with over 30% confidence increased from 24 (44.5%) to 42 (77.8%) (p<0.001). Most nurses (81.5%) reported that the educational intervention was helpful for managing students with abdominal pain or diarrhea. The number of students who received IBD-related welfare services from the Daegu Metropolitan Office of Education doubled when compared with the corresponding number during the prior educational year. Conclusions: There is room for improvement in school nurses’ knowledge of IBD. A systematic educational program on IBD should be implemented for these nurses.